{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1524149412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2012.2207105","title":"Enhancing Driver Car-Following Performance with a Distance and Acceleration Display","display_name":"Enhancing Driver Car-Following Performance with a Distance and Acceleration Display","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1524149412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2012.2207105","mag":"1524149412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2012.2207105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2012.2207105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e55403e9-75e1-439e-a5ee-21b804060beb","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079342274","display_name":"Mehdi Saffarian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["CA","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Saffarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","The Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037003206","display_name":"Joost de Winter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost C. F. de Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002136525","display_name":"Riender Happee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-3472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riender Happee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97154568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"8","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headway","display_name":"Headway","score":0.8179477453231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.7536334991455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.684665858745575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.6273705959320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5278798341751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-control","display_name":"Cruise control","score":0.5068698525428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.5027003288269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4860284924507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4673111140727997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.36609959602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35069191455841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21393126249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17078211903572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09896093606948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4383682","display_name":"Headway","level":2,"score":0.8179477453231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.7536334991455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.684665858745575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.6273705959320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5278798341751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.5068698525428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.5027003288269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4860284924507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4673111140727997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.36609959602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35069191455841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21393126249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17078211903572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09896093606948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2012.2207105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2012.2207105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:e55403e9-75e1-439e-a5ee-21b804060beb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e55403e9-75e1-439e-a5ee-21b804060beb","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e55403e9-75e1-439e-a5ee-21b804060beb","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:e55403e9-75e1-439e-a5ee-21b804060beb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e55403e9-75e1-439e-a5ee-21b804060beb","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e55403e9-75e1-439e-a5ee-21b804060beb","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321012","display_name":"Technische Universiteit Delft","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1524149412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1524149412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169277433","https://openalex.org/W578072905","https://openalex.org/W1554984541","https://openalex.org/W1601177179","https://openalex.org/W1964269135","https://openalex.org/W1975680478","https://openalex.org/W1976570622","https://openalex.org/W1976647610","https://openalex.org/W1982212876","https://openalex.org/W1983748616","https://openalex.org/W2011087178","https://openalex.org/W2011337802","https://openalex.org/W2024391269","https://openalex.org/W2040661524","https://openalex.org/W2043846035","https://openalex.org/W2045697903","https://openalex.org/W2048022192","https://openalex.org/W2056082905","https://openalex.org/W2057399728","https://openalex.org/W2072865416","https://openalex.org/W2086641568","https://openalex.org/W2094039233","https://openalex.org/W2094712278","https://openalex.org/W2101063622","https://openalex.org/W2107988406","https://openalex.org/W2109799648","https://openalex.org/W2119159364","https://openalex.org/W2132479764","https://openalex.org/W2137252340","https://openalex.org/W2137426130","https://openalex.org/W2137505842","https://openalex.org/W2144194565","https://openalex.org/W2147021187","https://openalex.org/W2149730146","https://openalex.org/W2150271522","https://openalex.org/W4231640249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1037048640","https://openalex.org/W1598459522","https://openalex.org/W568651885","https://openalex.org/W3033637789","https://openalex.org/W4287766082","https://openalex.org/W3207577175","https://openalex.org/W1989644522","https://openalex.org/W2274227455","https://openalex.org/W4226216814","https://openalex.org/W606809281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,55,119],"car-following":[1,21,96],"assisting":[2],"system":[3],"named":[4],"the":[5,14,37,40,44,63,67,78,102,124,168],"rear":[6,45],"window":[7,46],"notification":[8],"display":[9,125],"(RWND)":[10],"was":[11,52,126],"developed,":[12],"with":[13,58,110,143,174],"aim":[15],"of":[16,39,47,72,80,84,92,145,163],"improving":[17],"a":[18,48,93,131,151],"driver's":[19],"manual":[20],"performance.":[22],"The":[23,89,161],"RWND":[24,64,169],"presented":[25],"lead-car":[26],"acceleration":[27],"and":[28,69,117,147],"time":[29],"headway":[30],"(THW)":[31],"(i.e.,":[32],"intervehicle":[33,113],"distance":[34],"divided":[35],"by":[36,105],"speed":[38],"following":[41],"car)":[42],"on":[43,150],"lead":[49],"car,":[50],"which":[51],"driven":[53],"automatically.":[54],"simulator-based":[56],"experiment":[57],"22":[59],"participants":[60,135],"showed":[61,98],"that":[62,99,123,137,167],"reduced":[65],"both":[66],"mean":[68],"standard":[70],"deviation":[71],"THW":[73],"but":[74],"did":[75,134],"not":[76,128],"increase":[77,180],"occurrence":[79],"potentially":[81],"unsafe":[82],"headways":[83],"less":[85],"than":[86],"1":[87],"s.":[88],"parameter":[90],"estimation":[91],"common":[94],"linear":[95],"model":[97],"drivers":[100],"accomplished":[101],"performance":[103],"improvements":[104],"adopting":[106],"higher":[107],"control":[108],"gains":[109],"respect":[111],"to":[112,157,179],"distance,":[114],"relative":[115],"speed,":[116],"acceleration.":[118],"postexperiment":[120],"questionnaire":[121],"revealed":[122],"generally":[127],"regarded":[129],"as":[130],"distraction":[132],"nor":[133],"think":[136],"it":[138],"provided":[139],"too":[140],"much":[141],"information,":[142],"means":[144],"4.0":[146],"2.9,":[148],"respectively,":[149],"scale":[152],"from":[153],"one":[154],"(completely":[155,159],"disagree)":[156],"ten":[158],"agree).":[160],"results":[162],"this":[164],"study":[165],"suggest":[166],"can":[170],"be":[171],"used":[172],"along":[173],"Cooperative":[175],"Adaptive":[176],"Cruise":[177],"Control":[178],"traffic":[181],"flow":[182],"without":[183],"degrading":[184],"safety.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
