{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968818596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2011.2173568","title":"SPEED: An Inhabitant Activity Prediction Algorithm for Smart Homes","display_name":"SPEED: An Inhabitant Activity Prediction Algorithm for Smart Homes","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968818596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2011.2173568","mag":"1968818596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2011.2173568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2011.2173568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201610","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans","issn_l":"1083-4427","issn":["1083-4427","1558-2426"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049680175","display_name":"Muhammad Raisul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-636X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. R. Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","Inst. of Microeng. & Nanoelectronic, Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Microeng. & Nanoelectronic, Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074798146","display_name":"Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. B. I. Reaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","Dept. of Electr., Electron., & Syst. Eng., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr., Electron., & Syst. Eng., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103718998","display_name":"Mohd Alauddin Mohd Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Mohd Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","Dept. of Electr., Electron., & Syst. Eng., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr., Electron., & Syst. Eng., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9214162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"985","last_page":"990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6896079778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6495721340179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6435338258743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-automation","display_name":"Home automation","score":0.6291206479072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5611971616744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5518732666969299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.49073851108551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45103299617767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.44472774863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3796144127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3698670268058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36540448665618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1484101116657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12834280729293823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6896079778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6495721340179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6435338258743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.6291206479072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5611971616744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5518732666969299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49073851108551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45103299617767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.44472774863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3796144127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3698670268058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36540448665618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1484101116657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12834280729293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2011.2173568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2011.2173568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201610","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans","issn_l":"1083-4427","issn":["1083-4427","1558-2426"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61807067","https://openalex.org/W179500209","https://openalex.org/W1566658900","https://openalex.org/W1997203390","https://openalex.org/W2008792299","https://openalex.org/W2099213012","https://openalex.org/W2113494058","https://openalex.org/W2121269968","https://openalex.org/W2122962290","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2127495420","https://openalex.org/W2159656992","https://openalex.org/W2161628678","https://openalex.org/W2165833579","https://openalex.org/W6602518401","https://openalex.org/W6607264833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510894296","https://openalex.org/W2134386692","https://openalex.org/W2082284720","https://openalex.org/W2084326697","https://openalex.org/W2194396582","https://openalex.org/W2027903142","https://openalex.org/W2116722627","https://openalex.org/W2354322608","https://openalex.org/W2379938888","https://openalex.org/W2537260108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,105],"algorithm,":[4],"called":[5],"sequence":[6,26],"prediction":[7,27,82,107],"via":[8],"enhanced":[9],"episode":[10,52],"discovery":[11],"(SPEED),":[12],"to":[13,90],"predict":[14,91],"inhabitant":[15],"activity":[16,94],"in":[17,63,73],"smart":[18,35,64],"homes.":[19,65],"SPEED":[20,103],"is":[21,53,88,110],"a":[22,54,74],"variant":[23],"of":[24,34,48,56],"the":[25,32,44,92,96],"algorithm.":[28],"It":[29],"works":[30],"with":[31],"episodes":[33,68],"home":[36,49],"events":[37],"that":[38,60,102],"have":[39],"been":[40],"extracted":[41,67],"based":[42,80],"on":[43,45,81],"-off":[46],"states":[47],"appliances.":[50],"An":[51],"set":[55],"sequential":[57],"user":[58],"activities":[59],"periodically":[61],"occur":[62],"The":[66,99],"are":[69],"processed":[70],"and":[71,118],"arranged":[72],"finite-order":[75],"Markov":[76],"model.":[77],"A":[78],"method":[79],"by":[83],"partial":[84],"matching":[85],"(PPM)":[86],"algorithm":[87],"applied":[89],"next":[93],"from":[95],"previous":[97],"history.":[98],"result":[100],"shows":[101],"achieves":[104],"88.3%":[106],"accuracy,":[108],"which":[109],"better":[111],"than":[112],"LeZi":[113],"Update,":[114],"Active":[115],"LeZi,":[116],"IPAM,":[117],"C4.5.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
