{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135611967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2010.2064300","title":"Creating Efficient Visual Codebook Ensembles for Object Categorization","display_name":"Creating Efficient Visual Codebook Ensembles for Object Categorization","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135611967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2010.2064300","mag":"2135611967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2010.2064300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2010.2064300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201610","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans","issn_l":"1083-4427","issn":["1083-4427","1558-2426"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015753982","display_name":"Huilan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-2331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Lan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017196205","display_name":"Hui Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-0707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029853791","display_name":"Loi Lei Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loi Lei Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, City University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, City University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015753982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4510145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85446166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"238","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9795576333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.8070785999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.722640335559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6782287359237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6740821003913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6013121604919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5047305822372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4946741759777069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4439643621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4258059859275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3347274661064148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9795576333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.8070785999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.722640335559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6782287359237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6740821003913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6013121604919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5047305822372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4946741759777069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4439643621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4258059859275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3347274661064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2010.2064300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2010.2064300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201610","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans","issn_l":"1083-4427","issn":["1083-4427","1558-2426"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280632315","https://openalex.org/W1484228140","https://openalex.org/W1578226009","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1980911747","https://openalex.org/W2012330712","https://openalex.org/W2029727948","https://openalex.org/W2097645701","https://openalex.org/W2099444282","https://openalex.org/W2104170135","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2108082645","https://openalex.org/W2112020727","https://openalex.org/W2115346774","https://openalex.org/W2117658559","https://openalex.org/W2118743891","https://openalex.org/W2121627225","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2128017662","https://openalex.org/W2129262635","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2135293965","https://openalex.org/W2141303268","https://openalex.org/W2143056698","https://openalex.org/W2143314306","https://openalex.org/W2145406111","https://openalex.org/W2150856297","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151259137","https://openalex.org/W2154422044","https://openalex.org/W2155231285","https://openalex.org/W2156685990","https://openalex.org/W2162708558","https://openalex.org/W2165190596","https://openalex.org/W2166118928","https://openalex.org/W2171706135","https://openalex.org/W2171896402","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W3146079624","https://openalex.org/W4237791300","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634576794","https://openalex.org/W6675679986","https://openalex.org/W6683887228","https://openalex.org/W6684936967","https://openalex.org/W6989557187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W2026099691","https://openalex.org/W4284672201","https://openalex.org/W2377486419","https://openalex.org/W2943202426","https://openalex.org/W2950156284","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W4365135359","https://openalex.org/W2115592544","https://openalex.org/W2093773434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"image":[1,56,87,100,122],"comprises":[2],"information,":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"color,":[6],"texture,":[7],"shape,":[8],"and":[9,85,161],"intensity,":[10],"which":[11],"humans":[12],"use":[13,125],"in":[14,31,157,168,171],"parallel":[15],"for":[16,71],"perception.":[17],"Based":[18,92],"on":[19,52,93,112,143],"this":[20,32],"knowledge,":[21],"three":[22],"methods":[23],"of":[24,99,126],"constructing":[25,72],"visual":[26,40],"codebook":[27,79,95],"ensembles":[28,80],"are":[29],"proposed":[30],"paper.":[33],"The":[34,47,63,78,124,139],"first":[35],"technique":[36,49],"introduced":[37],"diverse":[38],"individual":[39],"codebooks":[41],"by":[42],"randomly":[43],"choosing":[44],"interesting":[45,61],"points.":[46,62],"second":[48],"was":[50],"based":[51,111],"a":[53,127],"random":[54,60],"subtraining":[55],"data":[57,116,145],"set":[58],"with":[59,75],"third":[64],"method":[65],"directly":[66],"utilized":[67],"different":[68,90,97,114],"patch":[69],"information":[70],"an":[73],"ensemble":[74,107,129,151],"high":[76],"diversity.":[77],"were":[81,153],"learned":[82,110],"to":[83,130,136,155],"capture":[84],"convey":[86],"properties":[88],"from":[89,118],"aspects.":[91],"these":[94],"ensembles,":[96],"types":[98],"presentations":[101],"could":[102,108],"be":[103,109],"obtained.":[104],"A":[105],"classification":[106,128],"the":[113,119,149],"expression":[115],"sets":[117,146],"same":[120],"training":[121],"set.":[123],"categorize":[131],"new":[132],"images":[133],"can":[134],"lead":[135],"improved":[137],"performance.":[138],"detailed":[140],"experimental":[141],"analyses":[142],"several":[144],"revealed":[147],"that":[148],"present":[150],"approaches":[152],"resistant":[154],"variations":[156],"view,":[158],"lighting,":[159],"occlusion,":[160],"intraclass":[162],"variations.":[163],"In":[164],"addition,":[165],"they":[166],"resulted":[167],"state-of-the-art":[169],"performance":[170],"categorization.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}