{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978948825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2008.2007981","title":"Unification of Evidence-Theoretic Fusion Algorithms: A Case Study in Level-2 and Level-3 Fingerprint Features","display_name":"Unification of Evidence-Theoretic Fusion Algorithms: A Case Study in Level-2 and Level-3 Fingerprint Features","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978948825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2008.2007981","mag":"1978948825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2008.2007981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2008.2007981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201610","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans","issn_l":"1083-4427","issn":["1083-4427","1558-2426"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050521702","display_name":"Mayank Vatsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Vatsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011779957","display_name":"Richa Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-4573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richa Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050320880","display_name":"Afzel Noore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afzel Noore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8945803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification","display_name":"Unification","score":0.9584642052650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6681574583053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.64980149269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.575927197933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5609186291694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5386218428611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4612066149711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4432610273361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3914831876754761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.9584642052650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6681574583053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.64980149269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.575927197933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5609186291694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5386218428611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4612066149711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4432610273361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3914831876754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmca.2008.2007981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2008.2007981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201610","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans","issn_l":"1083-4427","issn":["1083-4427","1558-2426"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40614006","https://openalex.org/W87312340","https://openalex.org/W163774565","https://openalex.org/W375584923","https://openalex.org/W600995561","https://openalex.org/W1516373796","https://openalex.org/W1532034750","https://openalex.org/W1565231976","https://openalex.org/W1585588639","https://openalex.org/W1598554978","https://openalex.org/W1947957290","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2008832043","https://openalex.org/W2014470493","https://openalex.org/W2019915615","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2063471556","https://openalex.org/W2083032136","https://openalex.org/W2085029196","https://openalex.org/W2094214226","https://openalex.org/W2098154993","https://openalex.org/W2099670837","https://openalex.org/W2117315444","https://openalex.org/W2123737232","https://openalex.org/W2131635096","https://openalex.org/W2132407517","https://openalex.org/W2136461127","https://openalex.org/W2140275904","https://openalex.org/W2140341294","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2158359334","https://openalex.org/W2158528311","https://openalex.org/W2160523592","https://openalex.org/W2170245688","https://openalex.org/W3152157565","https://openalex.org/W4253407057","https://openalex.org/W6655382975","https://openalex.org/W6680752168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367630557","https://openalex.org/W2183792531","https://openalex.org/W2595286499","https://openalex.org/W4231718283","https://openalex.org/W2471908688","https://openalex.org/W2616882931","https://openalex.org/W2222594822","https://openalex.org/W101666983","https://openalex.org/W3011916152","https://openalex.org/W4200422973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"formulates":[2],"an":[3],"evidence-theoretic":[4,71],"multimodal":[5],"unification":[6,63,83,118,140],"approach":[7,119,141],"using":[8,108],"belief":[9],"functions":[10],"that":[11],"take":[12],"into":[13],"account":[14],"the":[15,25,28,68,79,82,90,97,100,105,117,138,146],"variability":[16],"in":[17,27,96],"biometric":[18],"image":[19],"characteristics.":[20],"While":[21],"processing":[22],"nonideal":[23],"images,":[24],"variation":[26],"quality":[29],"of":[30,35,116],"features":[31],"at":[32],"different":[33],"levels":[34],"abstraction":[36],"may":[37],"cause":[38],"individual":[39],"classifiers":[40],"to":[41,65,88,134],"generate":[42],"conflicting":[43,154],"genuine-impostor":[44],"decisions.":[45],"Existing":[46],"fusion":[47,72,93,136],"approaches":[48],"are":[49,156],"nonadaptive":[50],"and":[51,129,145],"do":[52],"not":[53,150],"always":[54],"guarantee":[55],"optimum":[56],"performance":[57],"improvements.":[58],"We":[59],"propose":[60],"a":[61,75,109],"contextual":[62],"framework":[64,84,101],"dynamically":[66],"select":[67,89],"most":[69,91],"appropriate":[70,92],"algorithm":[73],"for":[74],"given":[76],"scenario.":[77],"In":[78],"first":[80],"approach,":[81,99],"uses":[85],"deterministic":[86],"rules":[87],"algorithm;":[94],"while":[95],"second":[98],"intelligently":[102],"learns":[103],"from":[104,127],"input":[106],"evidences":[107],"2nu-granular":[110],"support":[111],"vector":[112],"machine.":[113],"The":[114],"effectiveness":[115],"is":[120,142,149],"experimentally":[121],"validated":[122],"by":[123],"fusing":[124],"match":[125],"scores":[126],"level-2":[128],"level-3":[130],"fingerprint":[131],"features.":[132],"Compared":[133],"existing":[135],"algorithms,":[137],"proposed":[139],"computationally":[143],"efficient,":[144],"verification":[147],"accuracy":[148],"compromised":[151],"even":[152],"when":[153],"decisions":[155],"encountered.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
