{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160398223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2026.3688583","title":"Model-Based Actor\u2013Critic Learning for Secure Tracking Control of Vehicle Systems With a Dynamic Event-Triggered Mechanism","display_name":"Model-Based Actor\u2013Critic Learning for Secure Tracking Control of Vehicle Systems With a Dynamic Event-Triggered Mechanism","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160398223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2026.3688583"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2026.3688583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2026.3688583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135495777","display_name":"Jinliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-0246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-0246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101977069","display_name":"Bin Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-9077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0621-0276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024356442","display_name":"Meng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-5222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University of PLA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-5222","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University of PLA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135520183","display_name":"Engang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-5347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Engang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Shanghai for Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-5347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135446647","display_name":"Chen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-2233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-2233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135425021","display_name":"Tingwen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingwen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-846X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50179308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"8","first_page":"4917","last_page":"4927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.6177999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.6177999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.04989999905228615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10046","display_name":"Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.31850001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5795999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2026.3688583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2026.3688583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3656832279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62173231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G398418612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024r063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4812030389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6112547109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024r063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","funder_display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098035803","https://openalex.org/W2114779713","https://openalex.org/W2233692182","https://openalex.org/W2262108890","https://openalex.org/W2349466983","https://openalex.org/W2622324466","https://openalex.org/W2912259603","https://openalex.org/W2997995952","https://openalex.org/W3002330394","https://openalex.org/W3021332410","https://openalex.org/W3132773748","https://openalex.org/W3157268112","https://openalex.org/W3195761866","https://openalex.org/W3203990188","https://openalex.org/W3215528317","https://openalex.org/W4312291153","https://openalex.org/W4319996371","https://openalex.org/W4323338545","https://openalex.org/W4381198781","https://openalex.org/W4389252856","https://openalex.org/W4390939457","https://openalex.org/W4391547761","https://openalex.org/W4392667157","https://openalex.org/W4396948968","https://openalex.org/W4402568937","https://openalex.org/W4408441589","https://openalex.org/W4408971077","https://openalex.org/W4409581531","https://openalex.org/W4409795855","https://openalex.org/W4410808755","https://openalex.org/W4411446200","https://openalex.org/W4412609983","https://openalex.org/W4413344165","https://openalex.org/W4413677488","https://openalex.org/W4413677494","https://openalex.org/W4413822187","https://openalex.org/W4417003194","https://openalex.org/W7118239375","https://openalex.org/W7123364965","https://openalex.org/W7141303002"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,52],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,15,43,60,88,95],"synergistic":[4],"model-based":[5],"actor\u2013critic":[6],"(AC)":[7],"learning":[8,34,129],"framework":[9],"for":[10],"secure":[11],"vehicle":[12],"tracking":[13,108,116],"under":[14],"dynamic":[16],"event-triggered":[17],"scheme":[18],"(DETS)":[19],"and":[20,33,49,77,94,120],"subject":[21],"to":[22,63,110,125],"deception":[23],"attacks.":[24],"To":[25],"explicitly":[26],"resolve":[27],"the":[28,36,55,82,103,107],"conflict":[29],"between":[30],"communication":[31],"conservation":[32],"convergence,":[35,119],"AC":[37],"algorithm":[38],"is":[39],"structurally":[40],"embedded":[41],"within":[42],"discrete":[44],"linear":[45,57],"quadratic":[46],"tracker":[47],"(LQT)":[48],"backstepping":[50],"architecture.":[51],"co-design":[53],"utilizes":[54],"nominal":[56],"structure":[58],"as":[59],"rigorous":[61],"prior":[62],"analytically":[64],"derive":[65],"update":[66],"laws,":[67],"ensuring":[68],"stable":[69],"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman":[70],"approximation":[71],"even":[72],"when":[73],"data":[74],"are":[75],"sparse":[76],"stochastically":[78],"corrupted.":[79],"By":[80],"bounding":[81],"policy":[83],"search":[84],"space,":[85],"it":[86],"ensures":[87],"minimal":[89],"number":[90],"of":[91,106],"learnable":[92],"parameters":[93],"clear":[96],"physical":[97],"interpretation.":[98],"Lyapunov":[99],"analysis":[100],"rigorously":[101],"proves":[102],"asymptotic":[104],"convergence":[105],"errors":[109],"zero.":[111],"Numerical":[112],"simulations":[113],"demonstrate":[114],"superior":[115],"accuracy,":[117],"faster":[118],"significant":[121],"bandwidth":[122],"savings":[123],"compared":[124],"standard":[126],"model-free":[127],"reinforcement":[128],"baselines.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-05-07T00:00:00"}
