{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123355787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3647102","title":"A Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold-Informed Interpretable Graph Wavelet Activation Network for Machine Fault Diagnosis","display_name":"A Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold-Informed Interpretable Graph Wavelet Activation Network for Machine Fault Diagnosis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123355787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3647102"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3647102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3647102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122014709","display_name":"Tianfu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianfu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-9578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chuang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6616-3791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6616-3791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhibin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-7137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-7137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122850515","display_name":"Tao Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-9358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122853892","display_name":"Xuefeng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-3172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093746174","display_name":"Ruqiang Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruqiang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-4084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122014709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":55.183,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99696403,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"1693","last_page":"1705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.8977000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.8977000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35749998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6341999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3647102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3647102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5111852884292603,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5936468294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92360308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8002089318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52505107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,170,194],"intelligent":[1],"fault":[2,18,53,76,125,153],"diagnosis":[3,77],"(IFD)":[4],"methods":[5,29],"based":[6],"on":[7,145],"graph":[8,67,90,104],"neural":[9],"networks":[10],"(GNNs)":[11],"have":[12,30],"achieved":[13,108],"great":[14],"success":[15],"in":[16,35,40,50,55,78],"machine":[17,57,75],"diagnosis.":[19,154],"However,":[20],"the":[21,26,44,61,103,110,123,131,141,146,166,174,182,185],"following":[22],"two":[23,83],"drawbacks":[24],"of":[25,168,176,184],"existing":[27],"GNN-based":[28],"greatly":[31],"limited":[32],"their":[33],"application":[34],"industry:":[36],"1)":[37],"poor":[38],"interpretability":[39,183],"model":[41,142],"structure":[42],"and":[43,47,96,118,136,159,181],"extracted":[45,186],"features":[46,54,187],"2)":[48],"difficulty":[49],"extracting":[51],"robust":[52,124],"nonstationary":[56],"states.":[58],"To":[59],"address":[60],"above":[62],"issues,":[63],"a":[64],"Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold-informed":[65],"interpretable":[66],"wavelet":[68,91,97,111],"activation":[69,92],"network":[70],"(GWAN)":[71],"is":[72,107,150,188,197],"proposed":[73],"for":[74,152],"this":[79],"work.":[80],"In":[81,101],"GWAN,":[82],"critical":[84],"components":[85,138],"are":[86],"designed,":[87],"that":[88],"is,":[89],"convolutional":[93],"(GWAConv)":[94],"layer":[95,114,129],"attention":[98],"(WavAtt)":[99],"layer.":[100],"GWAConv,":[102],"message":[105],"passing":[106],"using":[109],"Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold":[112],"(WKA)":[113],"with":[115],"learnable":[116],"scale":[117],"translation":[119],"parameters":[120],"to":[121,139,143,164],"capture":[122],"features,":[126],"while":[127],"WavAtt":[128],"decomposes":[130],"raw":[132],"signal":[133],"into":[134],"low-frequency":[135,147],"high-frequency":[137],"force":[140],"focus":[144],"components,":[148],"which":[149],"helpful":[151],"Experiments":[155],"under":[156],"stationary,":[157],"nonstationary,":[158],"noisy":[160],"conditions":[161],"were":[162],"implemented":[163],"verify":[165],"effectiveness":[167],"GWAN.":[169],"experimental":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"superiority":[175],"GWAN":[177],"among":[178],"comparison":[179],"methods,":[180],"demonstrated":[189],"through":[190],"post-hoc":[191],"feature":[192],"visualization.":[193],"code":[195],"library":[196],"available":[198],"at:":[199],"https://github.com/HazeDT/GWAN":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}