{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416922251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3627076","title":"Hesitant Fuzzy Ordered Linguistic Term Sets for Group Decision-Making","display_name":"Hesitant Fuzzy Ordered Linguistic Term Sets for Group Decision-Making","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416922251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3627076"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3627076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3627076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001968972","display_name":"Yingying Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-5939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingying Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068612384","display_name":"Jindong Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-3815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindong Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038718156","display_name":"Yudao Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of New Network, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of New Network, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003799782","display_name":"Witold Pedrycz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Pedrycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009797333","display_name":"Luis Mart\u0131\u0301nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-8813"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Mart\u00ednez L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001968972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42465322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"906","last_page":"919"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.6507999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-decision-making","display_name":"Group decision-making","score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.4462999999523163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.6507999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20701700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388791","display_name":"Group decision-making","level":2,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777366796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017758","display_name":"Indeterminacy (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511107","display_name":"Fuzzy cognitive map","level":5,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66102695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141208","display_name":"Cognitive flexibility","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3627076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3627076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4397517505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72571204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5195914976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72501095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5945874545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24YJC630124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","funder_display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7074132722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2025202022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7709298558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023AFB695","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978062397","https://openalex.org/W1995592030","https://openalex.org/W2027218152","https://openalex.org/W2041210202","https://openalex.org/W2057636328","https://openalex.org/W2067273185","https://openalex.org/W2097423137","https://openalex.org/W2113181660","https://openalex.org/W2117827905","https://openalex.org/W2125843991","https://openalex.org/W2321837546","https://openalex.org/W2474884296","https://openalex.org/W2592492586","https://openalex.org/W2745348434","https://openalex.org/W2754941027","https://openalex.org/W2954235980","https://openalex.org/W2963193329","https://openalex.org/W2972584969","https://openalex.org/W3088891005","https://openalex.org/W3095570047","https://openalex.org/W3114897843","https://openalex.org/W3158471027","https://openalex.org/W3159830007","https://openalex.org/W3164585842","https://openalex.org/W4224303688","https://openalex.org/W4225156908","https://openalex.org/W4312221348","https://openalex.org/W4313406562","https://openalex.org/W4317490083","https://openalex.org/W4321764329","https://openalex.org/W4328007111","https://openalex.org/W4367838136","https://openalex.org/W4380303600","https://openalex.org/W4386989334","https://openalex.org/W4387244544","https://openalex.org/W4387363883","https://openalex.org/W4391853648","https://openalex.org/W4392247044","https://openalex.org/W4392739054","https://openalex.org/W4393029310","https://openalex.org/W4396598895","https://openalex.org/W4401275662","https://openalex.org/W4401503486","https://openalex.org/W4402533114","https://openalex.org/W4404293801"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Characterizing":[0],"uncertainty":[1],"remains":[2],"a":[3,83,155,174],"critical":[4],"challenge":[5],"in":[6,178,187],"group":[7,146,150,190],"decision-making,":[8],"which":[9,34,55,181],"has":[10],"prompted":[11],"the":[12,95,103,163,168],"development":[13],"of":[14,86,98,165],"diverse":[15],"linguistic":[16,27,51,65,120,129,137],"expressions":[17],"with":[18,30,107,162],"flexibility":[19],"and":[20,68,78,112,133,185],"applicability.":[21],"However,":[22],"they":[23],"predominantly":[24],"use":[25],"adaptive":[26],"terms":[28],"coupled":[29],"numerical":[31],"importance":[32,69],"degrees,":[33],"inherently":[35],"embed":[36],"subjective":[37],"cognitive":[38,60],"biases.":[39],"To":[40,75,148],"address":[41,57],"this":[42,44,80],"gap,":[43],"study":[45,81],"originally":[46],"introduces":[47],"hesitant":[48,126,134],"fuzzy":[49,127,135],"ordered":[50,73,99,128,136,138],"term":[52,66],"sets":[53],"(HFOLTSs),":[54],"systematically":[56],"dual":[58],"uncertainties:":[59],"ambiguity":[61],"quantified":[62],"through":[63],"multiple":[64],"sets,":[67],"indeterminacy":[70],"mitigated":[71],"by":[72],"relations.":[74,100],"enhance":[76],"interpretability":[77],"visualization,":[79],"proposes":[82],"graphical":[84],"formalization":[85],"HFOLTSs,":[87,108],"where":[88],"hierarchical":[89],"levels":[90],"are":[91,115,142],"embedded":[92],"to":[93,117,144,173],"reflect":[94],"structured":[96],"nature":[97],"In":[101],"addition,":[102],"fundamental":[104],"operations":[105],"associated":[106],"complement,":[109],"expectation-based":[110],"comparison,":[111],"distance":[113],"measurement,":[114],"established":[116],"handle":[118],"complex":[119,189],"uncertainty.":[121],"Two":[122],"aggregation":[123],"operators,":[124],"namely,":[125],"weighted":[130,139],"averaging":[131,140],"(HFOLWA)":[132],"(HFOLOWA),":[141],"introduced":[143],"support":[145],"decision-making.":[147],"facilitate":[149],"consensus,":[151],"we":[152],"further":[153],"devise":[154],"mechanism":[156],"that":[157],"harmoniously":[158],"balances":[159],"consensus":[160],"efficiency":[161],"willingness":[164],"experts.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"proposed":[169],"method":[170],"is":[171],"applied":[172],"contractor":[175],"selection":[176],"problem":[177],"community":[179],"renewal,":[180],"demonstrates":[182],"its":[183],"practicality":[184],"effectiveness":[186],"managing":[188],"decision":[191],"scenarios.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}