{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411171788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3573285","title":"A Transaction Fee Mechanism for Resource Allocation in Blockchain-Based IoT Systems","display_name":"A Transaction Fee Mechanism for Resource Allocation in Blockchain-Based IoT Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411171788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3573285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3573285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3573285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074505406","display_name":"Rong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0904-2073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026897397","display_name":"Yunshu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-3601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunshu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029331516","display_name":"Hong Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9713-8211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053432286","display_name":"Wei Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-0034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150356","display_name":"University of Washington Tacoma","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8t2628","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210150356"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150356"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074505406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20946564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"9","first_page":"5827","last_page":"5838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9251999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9646580219268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.7430713176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.7045096158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6701518297195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5211991667747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.5063053369522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.41549813747406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3889058530330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33851051330566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.21806615591049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11836239695549011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9646580219268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.7430713176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7045096158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6701518297195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5211991667747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5063053369522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.41549813747406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3889058530330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33851051330566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.21806615591049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11836239695549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3573285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3573285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7189066917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515012323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118918460","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2884971059","https://openalex.org/W2894786170","https://openalex.org/W2905301225","https://openalex.org/W2907164519","https://openalex.org/W2912977751","https://openalex.org/W2914735843","https://openalex.org/W2921608598","https://openalex.org/W2922250870","https://openalex.org/W2946701076","https://openalex.org/W2955646341","https://openalex.org/W2956871907","https://openalex.org/W2963209633","https://openalex.org/W2990704933","https://openalex.org/W3047034512","https://openalex.org/W3095323142","https://openalex.org/W3096727011","https://openalex.org/W3108088019","https://openalex.org/W3119058875","https://openalex.org/W3120609170","https://openalex.org/W3134498674","https://openalex.org/W3135364964","https://openalex.org/W3177371876","https://openalex.org/W3183702703","https://openalex.org/W3193771755","https://openalex.org/W3199430739","https://openalex.org/W3200139635","https://openalex.org/W3216317686","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4310055702","https://openalex.org/W4310077133","https://openalex.org/W4323519324","https://openalex.org/W4391871487","https://openalex.org/W6846123624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2625355413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,149,209],"progressions":[1],"in":[2,40,114,117],"blockchain":[3],"technologies":[4],"have":[5],"propelled":[6],"the":[7,10,16,30,34,48,64,90,94,108,140,144,166,169,174,177,192,195,204,212],"advancement":[8],"of":[9,12,67,83,93,110,157,168,194,206,211],"Internet":[11],"Things":[13],"(IoT),":[14],"particularly":[15],"Industrial":[17],"IoT":[18,46,49,183],"(IIoT)":[19],"system,":[20,47],"toward":[21],"a":[22,44,70,115,128,154,186],"decentralized":[23],"structure.":[24],"This":[25],"shift":[26],"is":[27,75,151,215],"driven":[28],"by":[29,143],"need":[31],"to":[32,63,77,85,104,152,203],"address":[33],"privacy":[35],"and":[36,56,161,182],"security":[37,167],"vulnerabilities":[38],"inherent":[39],"centralized":[41],"organizations.":[42],"In":[43],"blockchain-based":[45],"nodes":[50,145,184],"are":[51],"tasked":[52],"with":[53],"both":[54],"mining":[55,86,105,160],"data":[57,136,147,162,180],"collection":[58,163],"activities":[59],"concurrently.":[60],"However,":[61],"due":[62],"limited":[65],"resources":[66,84,141,158],"these":[68,123],"nodes,":[69],"rational":[71],"resource":[72,102],"allocation":[73,82,103,156],"mechanism":[74,131],"imperative":[76],"maximize":[78],"social":[79,119,207],"welfare.":[80,120,208],"Insufficient":[81],"can":[87,106],"significantly":[88],"reduce":[89],"overall":[91,118],"Hashrate":[92],"blockchain,":[95],"thereby":[96],"jeopardizing":[97],"its":[98],"security.":[99],"Conversely,":[100],"prioritizing":[101],"diminish":[107],"value":[109],"collected":[111],"data,":[112],"resulting":[113],"decrease":[116],"To":[121],"tackle":[122],"challenges,":[124],"this":[125],"article":[126],"proposes":[127],"transaction":[129],"fee":[130],"that":[132,201],"levies":[133],"charges":[134],"on":[135,139],"consumers":[137],"based":[138],"utilized":[142],"for":[146],"collection.":[148],"objective":[150],"achieve":[153],"balanced":[155],"between":[159],"while":[164],"ensuring":[165],"blockchain.":[170],"Specifically,":[171],"we":[172,197],"model":[173],"interactions":[175],"among":[176],"system":[178],"designer,":[179],"consumer,":[181],"as":[185],"three-stage":[187],"Stackelberg":[188],"game.":[189],"By":[190],"characterizing":[191],"equilibrium":[193],"game,":[196],"derive":[198],"optimal":[199],"strategies":[200],"lead":[202],"maximization":[205],"effectiveness":[210],"proposed":[213],"approach":[214],"validated":[216],"through":[217],"extensive":[218],"experimental":[219],"results.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}