{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408609304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3548114","title":"Model-Free <i>H</i>\u221e Optimal Hierarchical Control of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems via Adaptive Dynamic Programming","display_name":"Model-Free <i>H</i>\u221e Optimal Hierarchical Control of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems via Adaptive Dynamic Programming","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408609304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3548114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3548114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3548114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064721860","display_name":"Yanhong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanhong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-7903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059605151","display_name":"Shunwei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8903-3768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunwei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8903-3768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625792","display_name":"Huaguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-9824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-9824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066409796","display_name":"Xiangpeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-3134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangpeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-3134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064721860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80068834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"6","first_page":"3791","last_page":"3801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9025999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.6094111204147339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5828908085823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4172675609588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37249740958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1527738869190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09851625561714172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.6094111204147339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5828908085823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4172675609588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37249740958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1527738869190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09851625561714172}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3548114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3548114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1369648845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2304005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3696571035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62173082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3859081842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB4100802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8585005597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2304005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036707130","https://openalex.org/W2041626001","https://openalex.org/W2045719273","https://openalex.org/W2055891887","https://openalex.org/W2071004621","https://openalex.org/W2092652152","https://openalex.org/W2097897435","https://openalex.org/W2136795207","https://openalex.org/W2145374086","https://openalex.org/W2164063344","https://openalex.org/W2344579849","https://openalex.org/W2560491401","https://openalex.org/W2764217749","https://openalex.org/W2806474580","https://openalex.org/W3007553590","https://openalex.org/W3008218687","https://openalex.org/W3012213494","https://openalex.org/W3030037806","https://openalex.org/W3043185857","https://openalex.org/W3097589745","https://openalex.org/W3114263192","https://openalex.org/W3157457774","https://openalex.org/W3181996048","https://openalex.org/W3182680309","https://openalex.org/W3206940322","https://openalex.org/W4221019190","https://openalex.org/W4239006344","https://openalex.org/W4251401614","https://openalex.org/W4286377614","https://openalex.org/W4319990437","https://openalex.org/W4322706796","https://openalex.org/W4388283392","https://openalex.org/W4399881350","https://openalex.org/W4401163569","https://openalex.org/W4402450613","https://openalex.org/W4404238028","https://openalex.org/W6719122095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,77,110],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,29,33,54,83,124,127],"<inline-formula":[4],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[6],"<tex-math":[7],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$H_{\\infty":[8],"}":[9],"$":[10],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[11],"optimal":[12,55,104,116],"output-feedback":[13],"control":[14,23,75,114,128],"problem":[15],"of":[16,115,126],"heterogeneous":[17,120],"multiagent":[18,121],"systems.":[19,122],"First,":[20],"a":[21,47,61],"hierarchical":[22],"scheme":[24],"is":[25,50,95,130],"designed":[26,101],"to":[27,52,70,81,102],"reduce":[28],"algorithm\u2019s":[30],"complexity":[31],"and":[32,65,73,97,135],"expected":[34],"global":[35],"performance":[36,87],"constraints":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"ensured":[40],"by":[41],"designing":[42],"compensation":[43],"input":[44],"indicator.":[45,88],"Second,":[46],"relaxation":[48,78],"parameter":[49,79],"introduced":[51,96],"derive":[53],"solution":[56],"under":[57],"output":[58,117],"feedback.":[59],"Additionally,":[60],"policy":[62],"iteration":[63],"algorithm":[64],"vectorization":[66],"method":[67],"are":[68,100],"presented":[69],"determine":[71],"local":[72],"collaborative":[74],"gains.":[76],"serves":[80],"ease":[82],"design":[84,111],"conditions":[85],"for":[86,119],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"adaptive":[91],"dynamic":[92],"programming":[93],"(ADP)":[94],"reversible":[98],"datasets":[99],"obtain":[103],"parameters":[105],"with":[106],"unknown":[107],"drift":[108],"dynamics.":[109],"achieves":[112],"model-free":[113],"feedback":[118],"Finally,":[123],"effectiveness":[125],"schemes":[129],"validated":[131],"using":[132],"F-16":[133],"aircraft":[134],"4-wheel":[136],"autonomous":[137],"vehicles":[138],"as":[139],"examples.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-03-20T00:00:00"}