{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406728823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","title":"Hybrid Rumor Debunking in Online Social Networks: A Differential Game Approach","display_name":"Hybrid Rumor Debunking in Online Social Networks: A Differential Game Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406728823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042295346","display_name":"Chenquan Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-5630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenquan Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110797501","display_name":"Wei Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065959325","display_name":"Qingyi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-1599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068005276","display_name":"Menghe H. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-7092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157233","display_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05w9erc61","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157233","https://openalex.org/I4210157972"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission, Chongqing Internet Information Office, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission, Chongqing Internet Information Office, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706608","display_name":"Deepak Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2650-9636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Kumar Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038322250","display_name":"Vitomir \u0160truc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitomir \u0160truc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006259047","display_name":"Da-Wen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-7445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da-Wen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042295346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.2921,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99708576,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"4","first_page":"2513","last_page":"2527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rumor","display_name":"Rumor","score":0.9572708010673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.5624602437019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47222211956977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3689766526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13929790258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1253930926322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.09531530737876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.05645158886909485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780469804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878352","display_name":"Rumor","level":2,"score":0.9572708010673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5624602437019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47222211956977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3689766526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13929790258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1253930926322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.09531530737876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.05645158886909485}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2025.3526734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1886229966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024NSFSC1451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8909680821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AB24010317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336589","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Key Research and Development Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336589","display_name":"Guangxi Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643169967","https://openalex.org/W2005933972","https://openalex.org/W2050316258","https://openalex.org/W2118820208","https://openalex.org/W2294347342","https://openalex.org/W2472664708","https://openalex.org/W2610676001","https://openalex.org/W2736143508","https://openalex.org/W2888824678","https://openalex.org/W2901771755","https://openalex.org/W2940440089","https://openalex.org/W2945928904","https://openalex.org/W2968404378","https://openalex.org/W2972438238","https://openalex.org/W2972814244","https://openalex.org/W2980678053","https://openalex.org/W2990531287","https://openalex.org/W3002392201","https://openalex.org/W3084641931","https://openalex.org/W3095845083","https://openalex.org/W3106278827","https://openalex.org/W3133518996","https://openalex.org/W3156045464","https://openalex.org/W3177701684","https://openalex.org/W3198264424","https://openalex.org/W3211980573","https://openalex.org/W4285125625","https://openalex.org/W4293163902","https://openalex.org/W4294837465","https://openalex.org/W4308033659","https://openalex.org/W4312602323","https://openalex.org/W4312611382","https://openalex.org/W4319990447","https://openalex.org/W4386102817","https://openalex.org/W4388543997","https://openalex.org/W4390512239","https://openalex.org/W6683180375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2372853429","https://openalex.org/W2793319716","https://openalex.org/W3110636174","https://openalex.org/W4210503589","https://openalex.org/W2908713064","https://openalex.org/W2810386322","https://openalex.org/W2801267666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"social":[1],"networks":[2],"(OSNs)":[3],"facilitate":[4],"the":[5,40,57,60,82,121,130,134,179],"rapid":[6],"and":[7,27,31,77,91,119,125,150,161,173,181],"extensive":[8],"spreading":[9],"of":[10,42,59,89,123,133,183],"rumors.":[11],"While":[12],"most":[13],"existing":[14],"methods":[15],"for":[16],"debunking":[17,28],"rumors":[18],"consider":[19,39],"a":[20,36,49,69,99,144,147],"solitary":[21],"debunker,":[22],"they":[23],"overlook":[24],"that":[25,73,107],"rumor-mongering":[26,43,90,124],"are":[29],"interdependent":[30],"confrontational":[32],"behaviors.":[33],"In":[34],"reality,":[35],"debunker":[37],"must":[38],"impact":[41],"behavior":[44],"when":[45],"making":[46],"decisions.":[47],"Moreover,":[48],"single":[50,151],"rumor-debunking":[51,71],"strategy":[52,152],"is":[53],"ineffective":[54],"in":[55,63],"addressing":[56],"complexity":[58],"rumor":[61,100,168,175,185],"environment":[62],"networks.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"this":[66,94],"article":[67],"proposes":[68],"hybrid":[70],"approach":[72],"combines":[74],"truth":[75],"dissemination":[76],"regulatory":[78],"measures":[79],"based":[80],"on":[81,154],"differential":[83],"game":[84],"theory":[85],"under":[86],"adversarial":[87],"behaviors":[88],"debunking.":[92,126],"Toward":[93],"end,":[95],"we":[96,116,128,164],"first":[97],"establish":[98],"propagation":[101,186],"model":[102],"using":[103],"node-based":[104],"modeling":[105],"techniques":[106],"can":[108],"be":[109],"applied":[110],"to":[111,170],"any":[112],"network":[113],"structure.":[114],"Next,":[115],"mathematically":[117],"describe":[118],"analyze":[120],"processes":[122],"Finally,":[127],"validate":[129],"theoretical":[131],"results":[132],"proposed":[135],"method":[136],"through":[137],"various":[138],"comparative":[139],"experiments,":[140],"including":[141],"comparisons":[142],"with":[143],"random":[145],"strategy,":[146,149],"uniform":[148],"models":[153],"real-world":[155],"datasets":[156],"collected":[157],"from":[158],"Facebook,":[159],"Twitter,":[160],"YouTube.":[162],"Furthermore,":[163],"harness":[165],"two":[166],"actual":[167],"events":[169],"estimate":[171],"parameters":[172],"predict":[174],"propagation,":[176],"thereby":[177],"affirming":[178],"veracity":[180],"effectiveness":[182],"our":[184],"model.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
