{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401879015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2024.3441730","title":"Three New Versions of Strong Opacity Based on the Security Quantification Consideration","display_name":"Three New Versions of Strong Opacity Based on the Security Quantification Consideration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401879015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2024.3441730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2024.3441730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2024.3441730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027978199","display_name":"Yingrui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-6184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingrui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-6184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073105796","display_name":"Zengqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-4073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-4073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410130","display_name":"Zhipeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-5918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-5918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019147450","display_name":"Zhongxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-4800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-4800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63657247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"11","first_page":"6765","last_page":"6775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.241799995303154,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.241799995303154,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opacity","display_name":"Opacity","score":0.730195164680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5154562592506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10486721992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.06435778737068176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.730195164680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5154562592506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10486721992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06435778737068176}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2024.3441730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2024.3441730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1024680043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62203328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3292345337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21JCQNJC00840","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5035705428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1761337960","https://openalex.org/W1916491872","https://openalex.org/W1985787415","https://openalex.org/W1992424076","https://openalex.org/W2020559611","https://openalex.org/W2028587915","https://openalex.org/W2037457229","https://openalex.org/W2037802202","https://openalex.org/W2052227055","https://openalex.org/W2061598829","https://openalex.org/W2064886960","https://openalex.org/W2076347141","https://openalex.org/W2078964088","https://openalex.org/W2115354781","https://openalex.org/W2142367687","https://openalex.org/W2146852848","https://openalex.org/W2162000948","https://openalex.org/W2323109263","https://openalex.org/W2343204060","https://openalex.org/W2416559203","https://openalex.org/W2521231675","https://openalex.org/W2538443008","https://openalex.org/W2601738991","https://openalex.org/W2768035641","https://openalex.org/W2790754501","https://openalex.org/W2805246536","https://openalex.org/W2901162916","https://openalex.org/W2914280847","https://openalex.org/W2945445283","https://openalex.org/W2968762186","https://openalex.org/W2999828622","https://openalex.org/W3011778292","https://openalex.org/W3012084323","https://openalex.org/W3027342766","https://openalex.org/W3033138220","https://openalex.org/W3091087026","https://openalex.org/W3108600299","https://openalex.org/W3127064320","https://openalex.org/W3175323952","https://openalex.org/W3194981700","https://openalex.org/W3214913876","https://openalex.org/W4225108988","https://openalex.org/W4225999444","https://openalex.org/W4311431014","https://openalex.org/W4313071410","https://openalex.org/W4313201725","https://openalex.org/W4366148817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2161791806","https://openalex.org/W2073474947","https://openalex.org/W4366824690","https://openalex.org/W2613656770","https://openalex.org/W2482431380","https://openalex.org/W2082077321","https://openalex.org/W2053059436","https://openalex.org/W4313201885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy":[0],"security":[1,28,95],"research":[2],"is":[3,99,134,162,209,215],"one":[4],"of":[5,37,59,75,109,172,181,200],"the":[6,11,35,38,53,57,84,94,102,125,138,144,149,169,179,192,197,216,219,225],"most":[7],"important":[8],"issues":[9],"for":[10,25,83,168],"cyber-physical":[12],"systems,":[13,41],"and":[14,50,113,127,184,202,207],"opacity":[15,140,175],"as":[16,47],"an":[17],"information":[18,31,129,132,147],"flow":[19],"property,":[20],"provides":[21],"a":[22,106,154],"new":[23],"perspective":[24],"studying":[26],"privacy":[27,43],"in":[29,122],"complex":[30],"interaction":[32],"scenarios.":[33],"In":[34,70],"context":[36],"discrete":[39,87],"event":[40,88],"vital":[42],"can":[44],"be":[45],"modeled":[46],"secret":[48,67,116,220],"states":[49,183],"based":[51,92,164],"on":[52,93,165],"available":[54],"observations":[55],"(i.e.,":[56],"sequence":[58],"observable":[60,119,146,226],"events),":[61],"intruders":[62],"would":[63],"analyse":[64],"whether":[65],"something":[66,115],"has":[68,105],"occurred.":[69],"this":[71],"article,":[72],"three":[73,170],"kinds":[74,171],"strong":[76,80,139,173],"W-limited":[77,159,174],"opacity,":[78],"named":[79],"W,$(W,M)$,":[81],"and$(W,\\infty)$opacity":[82],"partially":[85],"observed":[86],"system":[89],"are":[90,176,204],"investigated":[91],"quantification":[96],"consideration.":[97],"It":[98],"assumed":[100],"that":[101,191],"vicious":[103],"eavesdropper":[104],"complete":[107],"knowledge":[108],"given":[110],"systems\u2019":[111],"structure":[112],"analyses":[114],"by":[117],"limited":[118,145],"information.":[120],"Meanwhile,":[121],"addition":[123],"to":[124,137,211],"current":[126,188],"delayed":[128],"analysis,":[130],"predictive":[131],"analysis":[133],"first":[135],"added":[136],"setting.":[141],"W":[142,201],"denotes":[143],"and$M~(\\infty)$represents":[148],"finite":[150],"(infinite)":[151],"predictability.":[152],"Subsequently,":[153],"pivotal":[155],"technique":[156],"called":[157],"labeled":[158],"state":[160,217,221],"estimator":[161],"constructed,":[163],"which,":[166],"verifications":[167],"accomplished":[177],"with":[178],"help":[180],"secret-labeled":[182],"secret-reaching":[185],"states.":[186],"The":[187],"work":[189],"shows":[190],"complexity":[193],"is$O(2^{2|X|}(W+1)|\\Sigma":[194],"_{o}|)$.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"upper":[198],"bounds":[199],"M":[203],"also":[205],"discussed,":[206],"it":[208],"proved":[210],"be$|X|(2^{|X|}-1)$and$2^{|X\\backslash":[212],"X_{S}|}-1$.":[213],"(X":[214],"set,$X_{S}$is":[218],"set,":[222],"and$\\Sigma":[223],"_{o}$denotes":[224],"events":[227],"set.)":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
