{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388505269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2023.3326466","title":"A Novel Adaptive Control Design for a Class of Nonstrict-Feedback Discrete-Time Systems via Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"A Novel Adaptive Control Design for a Class of Nonstrict-Feedback Discrete-Time Systems via Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388505269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2023.3326466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2023.3326466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2023.3326466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035160808","display_name":"Weiwei Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-2228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Dalian Key Laboratory of Safety and Security Technology for Autonomous Shipping, Dalian, China","Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-2228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Key Laboratory of Safety and Security Technology for Autonomous Shipping, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025349097","display_name":"Tieshan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-953X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tieshan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Cognition and Intelligent Control, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-953X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Cognition and Intelligent Control, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048027338","display_name":"Yue Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-400X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-400X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643265","display_name":"C. L. Philip Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-7230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. L. Philip Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-7230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046618429","display_name":"Yang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-6794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-6794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031271635","display_name":"Wenjiang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003335763","display_name":"Ronghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-0138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79223203","display_name":"Guangdong Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0462wa640","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96690638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"2","first_page":"1250","last_page":"1262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backstepping","display_name":"Backstepping","score":0.9377889633178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7668813467025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6311883330345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6250899434089661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5903366804122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-function","display_name":"Lyapunov function","score":0.48128336668014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-time-and-continuous-time","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","score":0.4665382206439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4642288088798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.4501008987426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.4304021894931793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4263980984687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4191860556602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-stability","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","score":0.4166608154773712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.3870731592178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3688613772392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.298056423664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.25382739305496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20383334159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1108030378818512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72218879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839759","display_name":"Backstepping","level":4,"score":0.9377889633178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7668813467025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6311883330345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6250899434089661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5903366804122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60640748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337858","display_name":"Lyapunov function","level":3,"score":0.48128336668014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55689738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15963867","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","level":2,"score":0.4665382206439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4642288088798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.4501008987426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.4304021894931793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4263980984687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4191860556602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776829284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341651","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","level":3,"score":0.4166608154773712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.3870731592178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3688613772392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.298056423664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25382739305496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20383334159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1108030378818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2023.3326466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2023.3326466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1888148865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364089487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52171346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3406314644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52271360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4497810422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC1908018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4542443710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4989753966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSFSC0891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5075166346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61903092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5139682657","display_name":"\u6d77\u6d0b\u822a\u884c\u5668\u81ea\u4e3b\u822a\u884c\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"51939001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6164580027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022T150096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8834065445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132023129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1278773579","https://openalex.org/W1515913275","https://openalex.org/W1887006513","https://openalex.org/W2002260889","https://openalex.org/W2007155433","https://openalex.org/W2027085444","https://openalex.org/W2056615320","https://openalex.org/W2089684487","https://openalex.org/W2107674817","https://openalex.org/W2110028669","https://openalex.org/W2110638818","https://openalex.org/W2115776970","https://openalex.org/W2117945258","https://openalex.org/W2141559645","https://openalex.org/W2142923542","https://openalex.org/W2147873335","https://openalex.org/W2154831602","https://openalex.org/W2171018355","https://openalex.org/W2183137222","https://openalex.org/W2321040822","https://openalex.org/W2332796825","https://openalex.org/W2603406422","https://openalex.org/W2803973384","https://openalex.org/W2804564777","https://openalex.org/W2954033048","https://openalex.org/W2967622731","https://openalex.org/W3003040443","https://openalex.org/W3011286351","https://openalex.org/W3121634745","https://openalex.org/W3124444594","https://openalex.org/W3155402581","https://openalex.org/W3174836973","https://openalex.org/W3174955147","https://openalex.org/W3179972165","https://openalex.org/W3187161146","https://openalex.org/W3204352571","https://openalex.org/W3213705378","https://openalex.org/W4224211769","https://openalex.org/W4280590612","https://openalex.org/W4304480424","https://openalex.org/W4323519352","https://openalex.org/W4366310780","https://openalex.org/W4366818928","https://openalex.org/W4377142741","https://openalex.org/W4387241053","https://openalex.org/W6628354800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1847613412","https://openalex.org/W4382203996","https://openalex.org/W3177256865","https://openalex.org/W1973298112","https://openalex.org/W3102460617","https://openalex.org/W2378628179","https://openalex.org/W2382713386","https://openalex.org/W2392266503","https://openalex.org/W1934622834","https://openalex.org/W4399145918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,129],"this":[1,161],"article,":[2],"an":[3,71],"adaptive":[4,74],"reinforcement":[5],"learning":[6],"(RL)":[7],"control":[8,75,105],"problem":[9,28],"is":[10,42,77,93,107,135,163],"explored":[11],"for":[12,45,147],"a":[13,37,46,55,80,131,171],"class":[14,47],"of":[15,48,66,103,125,160,175],"nonstrict-feedback":[16,49,150],"discrete-time":[17,50,149],"systems.":[18,51],"First,":[19],"different":[20],"from":[21],"the":[22,26,33,60,64,88,97,101,104,113,123,126,141,144,148,155,176],"existing":[23],"results,":[24],"considering":[25],"noncausal":[27],"which":[29,138],"may":[30],"exist":[31],"in":[32,112],"backstepping":[34,81],"design":[35,146],"procedure,":[36],"universal":[38,132],"system":[39,106,115,133,152,174],"transformation":[40,134],"method":[41,82],"first":[43,136],"proposed":[44,137],"Second,":[52],"by":[53,153,165],"defining":[54],"compensation":[56],"term":[57],"to":[58,83,95],"compensate":[59],"controller":[61,145],"and":[62,87,109],"utilizing":[63],"property":[65],"radial-basis-function":[67],"neural":[68],"network":[69],"(RBFNN),":[70],"RL-based":[72],"direct":[73],"strategy":[76,162],"developed":[78],"via":[79],"achieve":[84],"optimal":[85],"control,":[86],"multigradient":[89],"recursive":[90],"(MGR)":[91],"algorithm":[92],"employed":[94],"estimate":[96],"weight":[98],"vector.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"stability":[102],"guaranteed":[108],"all":[110],"signals":[111],"closed-loop":[114],"are":[116],"semiglobal":[117],"uniformly":[118],"ultimately":[119],"bounded":[120],"(SGUUB)":[121],"on":[122,143],"basis":[124],"Lyapunov":[127],"theory.":[128],"addition,":[130],"breaks":[139],"through":[140],"limitations":[142],"nonlinear":[151],"using":[154],"traditional":[156],"method.":[157],"The":[158],"validity":[159],"verified":[164],"two":[166],"simulation":[167],"examples":[168],"that":[169],"include":[170],"course":[172],"keeping":[173],"marine":[177],"vessel.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}