{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209728251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2021.3121681","title":"Event-Triggered Control Design for Systems With Exogenous Inputs: Application for Auto-Scaling of Cloud-Hosted Web Servers","display_name":"Event-Triggered Control Design for Systems With Exogenous Inputs: Application for Auto-Scaling of Cloud-Hosted Web Servers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209728251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2021.3121681","mag":"3209728251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2021.3121681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2021.3121681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007453101","display_name":"Durgesh Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9658-2118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durgesh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9658-2118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035503290","display_name":"Kshama Dwarakanath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-1427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305429384","display_name":"JPMorgan Chase & Co (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3kkr08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kshama Dwarakanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","AI Research Team, JP Morgan Chase & Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-1427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research Team, JP Morgan Chase & Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087763042","display_name":"Ramkrishna Pasumarthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-7446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151956","display_name":"Robert Bosch (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04my8ty22","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151956","https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramkrishna Pasumarthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, the Robert Bosch Center of Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, and the Network Systems Learning, Control and Evolution Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-7446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, the Robert Bosch Center of Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, and the Network Systems Learning, Control and Evolution Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151956","https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72003703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"8","first_page":"5201","last_page":"5211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6802588701248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6672455072402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6030653715133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5983215570449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5832564234733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-server","display_name":"Web server","score":0.461262047290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.42799967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3542413115501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3300740122795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.23889145255088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.13070741295814514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6802588701248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6672455072402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6030653715133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5983215570449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5832564234733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11392498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11288","display_name":"Web server","level":3,"score":0.461262047290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.42799967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3542413115501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3300740122795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23889145255088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.13070741295814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2021.3121681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2021.3121681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142763563","https://openalex.org/W1547135986","https://openalex.org/W1828896691","https://openalex.org/W1975922459","https://openalex.org/W1978518835","https://openalex.org/W2002016612","https://openalex.org/W2015244008","https://openalex.org/W2036141312","https://openalex.org/W2038137192","https://openalex.org/W2051114549","https://openalex.org/W2053010866","https://openalex.org/W2066660519","https://openalex.org/W2074642422","https://openalex.org/W2080046268","https://openalex.org/W2100409338","https://openalex.org/W2100670459","https://openalex.org/W2110764811","https://openalex.org/W2122311800","https://openalex.org/W2137240782","https://openalex.org/W2460751481","https://openalex.org/W2518931374","https://openalex.org/W2519273792","https://openalex.org/W2736080356","https://openalex.org/W2738386763","https://openalex.org/W2802409543","https://openalex.org/W2803018372","https://openalex.org/W2807762526","https://openalex.org/W2887431368","https://openalex.org/W2963225893","https://openalex.org/W2984767654","https://openalex.org/W3026605761","https://openalex.org/W3045516846","https://openalex.org/W4243917683","https://openalex.org/W6604836748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987753593","https://openalex.org/W2559753769","https://openalex.org/W4300361016","https://openalex.org/W2267601986","https://openalex.org/W3098019620","https://openalex.org/W2462887318","https://openalex.org/W3114501693","https://openalex.org/W2534953202","https://openalex.org/W2482309125","https://openalex.org/W2743720563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,62],"article,":[2],"an":[3,48,67,135],"event-triggered":[4,101],"control":[5],"(ETC)":[6],"law":[7,69],"is":[8],"proposed":[9,128],"for":[10],"auto-scaling":[11],"of":[12,57,80,95,126,138],"Web":[13,21,36,140],"servers":[14],"hosted":[15,143],"on":[16,134,144],"a":[17,27,139,145],"private":[18,146],"cloud.":[19],"The":[20],"server":[22,141],"systems":[23],"are":[24,111,119],"modeled":[25],"as":[26,39],"discrete-time":[28],"linear":[29],"time-invariant":[30],"(LTI)":[31],"system":[32,142],"where":[33],"the":[34,52,58,81,87,96,100,116,124,127],"incoming":[35],"requests":[37],"act":[38],"disturbance":[40,45,106],"inputs.":[41,107],"Dealing":[42],"with":[43,103],"such":[44],"inputs":[46],"adds":[47],"additional":[49],"challenge":[50],"in":[51],"design":[53,66],"and":[54,148],"real-time":[55],"implementation":[56],"ETC.":[59],"To":[60],"address":[61],"challenge,":[63],"we":[64,85,130],"first":[65],"ETC":[68],"to":[70,92,105,122],"ensure":[71,90,114],"<inline-formula":[72],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[73],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[74],"<tex-math":[75],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\mathscr":[76],"{D}}_{R}$":[77],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[78],"stability":[79,94],"nominal":[82],"system.":[83],"Second,":[84],"derive":[86],"conditions":[88,110],"which":[89,113],"input":[91],"state":[93],"closed-loop":[97],"system,":[98],"under":[99],"implementation,":[102],"respect":[104],"Then,":[108],"sufficient":[109],"derived,":[112],"that":[115],"interevent":[117],"times":[118],"nontrivial.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"show":[123],"efficacy":[125],"approach,":[129],"validate":[131],"our":[132],"results":[133],"experimental":[136],"testbed":[137],"cloud":[147],"provide":[149],"comparative":[150],"results.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}