{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997318776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2957347","title":"DeSIRe: Deep Signer-Invariant Representations for Sign Language Recognition","display_name":"DeSIRe: Deep Signer-Invariant Representations for Sign Language Recognition","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997318776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2957347","mag":"2997318776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2019.2957347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2957347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040431719","display_name":"Pedro M. Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-6566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153204","display_name":"Universidade Portucalense","ror":"https://ror.org/05wm6p530","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro M. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041131306","display_name":"Diogo Pernes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5246-0402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153204","display_name":"Universidade Portucalense","ror":"https://ror.org/05wm6p530","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diogo Pernes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078836003","display_name":"Ana Rebelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-6057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153204","display_name":"Universidade Portucalense","ror":"https://ror.org/05wm6p530","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Rebelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013827007","display_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-2473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153204","display_name":"Universidade Portucalense","ror":"https://ror.org/05wm6p530","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Telecommunications and Multimedia, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040431719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210153204","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0511,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7893963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"9","first_page":"5830","last_page":"5845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7591981887817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.754352331161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.7109562754631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5499306917190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.46945375204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.460290789604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4367421567440033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4334949851036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.382625013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3322179317474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12100344896316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.110562264919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07513397932052612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7591981887817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.754352331161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.7109562754631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5499306917190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.46945375204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.460290789604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4367421567440033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4334949851036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.382625013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3322179317474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12100344896316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.110562264919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07513397932052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2019.2957347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2957347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G305460979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030707","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7615323448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/102177/2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7944958393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/129600/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581810680","https://openalex.org/W1550181647","https://openalex.org/W1882958252","https://openalex.org/W1897123318","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1981073134","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1989343489","https://openalex.org/W1990368529","https://openalex.org/W1992589953","https://openalex.org/W2000574885","https://openalex.org/W2029364672","https://openalex.org/W2052101136","https://openalex.org/W2058595169","https://openalex.org/W2059345941","https://openalex.org/W2072419079","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2117683888","https://openalex.org/W2147954049","https://openalex.org/W2154511929","https://openalex.org/W2165108269","https://openalex.org/W2171481940","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2188365844","https://openalex.org/W2261310161","https://openalex.org/W2279034837","https://openalex.org/W2285764500","https://openalex.org/W2295038166","https://openalex.org/W2317824680","https://openalex.org/W2463640844","https://openalex.org/W2519061812","https://openalex.org/W2521429215","https://openalex.org/W2567804583","https://openalex.org/W2573994149","https://openalex.org/W2584009249","https://openalex.org/W2590076343","https://openalex.org/W2590953969","https://openalex.org/W2756073160","https://openalex.org/W2776541261","https://openalex.org/W2785336923","https://openalex.org/W2786808285","https://openalex.org/W2788334925","https://openalex.org/W2888819616","https://openalex.org/W2888822325","https://openalex.org/W2896487916","https://openalex.org/W2900282895","https://openalex.org/W2963192057","https://openalex.org/W2963223306","https://openalex.org/W2963826681","https://openalex.org/W2964278684","https://openalex.org/W2964285681","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6687045409","https://openalex.org/W6688384872","https://openalex.org/W6692729736","https://openalex.org/W6695692224","https://openalex.org/W6713955831","https://openalex.org/W6733306783","https://openalex.org/W6748549721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W4388870064","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W2210139803","https://openalex.org/W4235186151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,42,48,80,107,152],"key":[2,99],"technology":[3],"to":[4,59,105,159],"help":[5],"bridging":[6],"the":[7,22,28,39,54,60,67,95,118,130,146,149,169,172],"gap":[8],"between":[9],"deaf":[10],"and":[11,132,161],"hearing":[12],"people,":[13],"sign":[14,72],"language":[15],"recognition":[16],"(SLR)":[17],"has":[18],"become":[19],"one":[20],"of":[21,41,53,71,101,114,171],"most":[23],"active":[24],"research":[25],"topics":[26],"in":[27,66,145,175],"human-computer":[29],"interaction":[30],"field.":[31],"Although":[32],"several":[33,176],"SLR":[34,44,177],"methodologies":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"proposed,":[38],"development":[40],"real-world":[43],"system":[45],"is":[46,57,104,151,157],"still":[47],"very":[49],"challenging":[50],"task.":[51],"One":[52],"main":[55],"challenges":[56],"related":[58],"large":[61],"intersigner":[62],"variability":[63],"that":[64,86,136],"exists":[65],"manual":[68],"signing":[69],"process":[70],"languages.":[73],"To":[74],"address":[75],"this":[76],"problem,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"novel":[81],"end-to-end":[82],"deep":[83],"neural":[84],"network":[85],"explicitly":[87],"models":[88],"highly":[89],"discriminative":[90],"signer-independent":[91,154],"latent":[92,110,120],"representations":[93,121],"from":[94],"input":[96],"data.":[97],"The":[98,165],"idea":[100],"our":[102],"model":[103,155,174],"learn":[106],"distribution":[108],"over":[109],"representations,":[111],"conditionally":[112],"independent":[113],"signer":[115],"identity.":[116],"Accordingly,":[117],"learned":[119],"will":[122],"preserve":[123],"as":[124,127],"much":[125],"information":[126],"possible":[128],"about":[129],"signs,":[131],"discard":[133],"signer-specific":[134],"traits":[135],"are":[137],"irrelevant":[138],"for":[139],"recognition.":[140],"By":[141],"imposing":[142],"such":[143],"regularization":[144],"representation":[147],"space,":[148],"result":[150],"truly":[153],"which":[156],"robust":[158],"different":[160],"new":[162],"test":[163],"signers.":[164],"experimental":[166],"results":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"effectiveness":[170],"proposed":[173],"databases.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
