{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970767567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2932410","title":"Multilevel Image-Enhanced Sentence Representation Net for Natural Language Inference","display_name":"Multilevel Image-Enhanced Sentence Representation Net for Natural Language Inference","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970767567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2932410","mag":"2970767567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2019.2932410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2932410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342310","display_name":"Kun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028764108","display_name":"Guangyi Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-4892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyi Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033706423","display_name":"Le Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-0581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048237545","display_name":"Enhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-4102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453156","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-5550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101631041","display_name":"Han Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044651577","display_name":"Xing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Computing Group, Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Computing Group, Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076423724","display_name":"Fangzhao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-1272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangzhao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Computing Group, Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Computing Group, Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100342310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7242233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"6","first_page":"3781","last_page":"3795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8163433074951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.785869836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.688708484172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.663798987865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4866217076778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.47571641206741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46844273805618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.4511619210243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-role-labeling","display_name":"Semantic role labeling","score":0.4106614291667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39451026916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09067726135253906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8163433074951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.785869836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.688708484172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.663798987865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4866217076778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47571641206741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46844273805618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4511619210243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67277372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449085","display_name":"Semantic role labeling","level":3,"score":0.4106614291667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39451026916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09067726135253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2019.2932410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2932410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1064288964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61727809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G333974875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB1000904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5007750573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1605251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5312287992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0803301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6254815431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7815993335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68733909","https://openalex.org/W205765513","https://openalex.org/W1516501661","https://openalex.org/W1568447596","https://openalex.org/W1576278180","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1811254738","https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W1931639407","https://openalex.org/W1979729334","https://openalex.org/W1987698389","https://openalex.org/W2036852015","https://openalex.org/W2042298480","https://openalex.org/W2131253837","https://openalex.org/W2165897885","https://openalex.org/W2185175083","https://openalex.org/W2228826686","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251869843","https://openalex.org/W2267186426","https://openalex.org/W2308720496","https://openalex.org/W2347007084","https://openalex.org/W2413794162","https://openalex.org/W2415204069","https://openalex.org/W2426407958","https://openalex.org/W2547185913","https://openalex.org/W2561715562","https://openalex.org/W2584723080","https://openalex.org/W2604283607","https://openalex.org/W2605279813","https://openalex.org/W2606473278","https://openalex.org/W2741631785","https://openalex.org/W2745461083","https://openalex.org/W2756386045","https://openalex.org/W2768661419","https://openalex.org/W2773734397","https://openalex.org/W2778008099","https://openalex.org/W2782363479","https://openalex.org/W2798665661","https://openalex.org/W2804688835","https://openalex.org/W2808464100","https://openalex.org/W2884517879","https://openalex.org/W2904664992","https://openalex.org/W2906958571","https://openalex.org/W2928465923","https://openalex.org/W2938315199","https://openalex.org/W2962706528","https://openalex.org/W2962736243","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962883855","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2962998327","https://openalex.org/W2963241825","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963453030","https://openalex.org/W2963668762","https://openalex.org/W2963672682","https://openalex.org/W2963719234","https://openalex.org/W2963846996","https://openalex.org/W2964018924","https://openalex.org/W2964072386","https://openalex.org/W2964082993","https://openalex.org/W2964189376","https://openalex.org/W2964512901","https://openalex.org/W3016169217","https://openalex.org/W3105971000","https://openalex.org/W4240768087","https://openalex.org/W4249013746","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6608357932","https://openalex.org/W6623987585","https://openalex.org/W6630706012","https://openalex.org/W6636501129","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638742206","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6705120047","https://openalex.org/W6715743342","https://openalex.org/W6729254497","https://openalex.org/W6736091934","https://openalex.org/W6736288576","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6743583902","https://openalex.org/W6744649695","https://openalex.org/W6746277958","https://openalex.org/W6747531585","https://openalex.org/W6751593369","https://openalex.org/W6751679225","https://openalex.org/W6752077856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354078889","https://openalex.org/W2391250648","https://openalex.org/W2379635239","https://openalex.org/W2013781749","https://openalex.org/W2365706551","https://openalex.org/W4231385726","https://openalex.org/W2350908672","https://openalex.org/W2494004687","https://openalex.org/W4308117137","https://openalex.org/W2351499071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"language":[1],"inference":[2],"(NLI)":[3],"task":[4],"requires":[5],"an":[6,79,154,248],"agent":[7],"to":[8,33,152,174],"determine":[9],"the":[10,34,60,88,96,112,119,142,165,172,185,193,226,235,242],"semantic":[11,71,98,201],"relation":[12],"between":[13],"a":[14,20],"premise":[15],"sentence":[16,22,47,70,82,97,177,200],"(":[17,23],"p)":[18],"and":[19,73,106,205,209,229],"hypothesis":[21],"h),":[24],"which":[25],"demands":[26],"sufficient":[27],"understanding":[28,48,72,99],"about":[29],"sentences":[30,64],"semantic.":[31],"Due":[32],"issues,":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37,40,42,65,126],"polysemy,":[38],"ambiguity,":[39],"well":[41],"fuzziness":[43],"of":[44,63,123,189,197],"sentences,":[45],"intense":[46],"is":[49],"very":[50],"challenging.":[51],"To":[52],"this":[53,56],"end,":[54],"in":[55,247],"article,":[57],"we":[58,76,149,170],"introduce":[59],"corresponding":[61,166],"image":[62,89,129,135,156,162],"reference":[66],"information":[67],"for":[68,94],"enhancing":[69,95],"representing.":[74],"Specifically,":[75],"first":[77],"propose":[78,151],"image-enhanced":[80,176],"multilevel":[81,175],"representation":[83,178],"net":[84,179],"(IEMLRN),":[85],"that":[86,159],"utilizes":[87],"features":[90,122,130,188,196],"from":[91,164],"pretrained":[92,120,128,187],"models":[93],"at":[100],"different":[101],"scales,":[102],"i.e.,":[103],"lexical-level,":[104],"phrase-level,":[105],"sentence-level.":[107],"The":[108],"proposed":[109,222,231],"model":[110,233],"advances":[111],"performance":[113,144,237],"on":[114,133,145,213],"NLI":[115,146],"tasks":[116],"by":[117,181,238],"leveraging":[118],"global":[121],"images.":[124,198],"However,":[125],"these":[127],"are":[131],"optimized":[132],"specific":[134],"classification":[136],"datasets,":[137],"they":[138],"may":[139],"not":[140,183,240],"show":[141,220],"best":[143,236],"tasks.":[147],"Therefore,":[148,199],"further":[150],"design":[153],"adaptive":[155,195,249],"feature":[157],"generator":[158],"extracts":[160],"fine-grained":[161,194],"labels":[163],"sentences.":[167],"After":[168],"that,":[169],"extend":[171],"IEMLRN":[173,223],"(MIESR)":[180],"utilizing":[182],"only":[184,241],"coarse-grained":[186],"images,":[190],"but":[191,244],"also":[192,245],"can":[202],"be":[203],"evaluated":[204],"enhanced":[206],"more":[207],"comprehensively":[208],"precisely.":[210],"Extensive":[211],"experiments":[212],"two":[214],"benchmark":[215],"datasets":[216],"(SNLI,":[217],"SICK)":[218],"clearly":[219],"our":[221,230],"significantly":[224],"outperform":[225],"state-of-the-art":[227],"baselines,":[228],"MIESR":[232],"achieves":[234],"considering":[239],"text":[243],"images":[246],"multigranularities":[250],"way.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}