{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2562512475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2639788","title":"A Limb-Based Graphical Model for Human Pose Estimation","display_name":"A Limb-Based Graphical Model for Human Pose Estimation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2562512475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2639788","mag":"2562512475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2639788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2639788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025755839","display_name":"Guoqiang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-5520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006277484","display_name":"Xuguang Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-944X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuguang Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-944X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351623","display_name":"Jiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-1729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119130","display_name":"Institute for Learning Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/02krjt890","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Deep Learning, Baidu, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Deep Learning, Baidu, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101587109","display_name":"Jianji Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-3933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119130","display_name":"Institute for Learning Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/02krjt890","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianji Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Deep Learning, Baidu, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Deep Learning, Baidu, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047405956","display_name":"Nanning Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-8257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanning Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91330784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"7","first_page":"1080","last_page":"1092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.7653664946556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.7575858235359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7405778169631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7194950580596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6716762781143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6563205718994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6246647834777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6227362751960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5549401640892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5035850405693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-body","display_name":"Human body","score":0.4934333860874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4284776747226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19889631867408752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.7653664946556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.7575858235359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7405778169631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7194950580596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6716762781143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6563205718994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6246647834777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6227362751960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5549401640892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5035850405693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193293595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23852","display_name":"Human body","level":2,"score":0.4934333860874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4284776747226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19889631867408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2639788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2639788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087753717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB1000903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8376531904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W376620111","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1816678934","https://openalex.org/W1893515210","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1936750108","https://openalex.org/W1948369226","https://openalex.org/W1995435981","https://openalex.org/W2013640163","https://openalex.org/W2017818098","https://openalex.org/W2030536784","https://openalex.org/W2036150645","https://openalex.org/W2045798786","https://openalex.org/W2057204268","https://openalex.org/W2064017452","https://openalex.org/W2074587583","https://openalex.org/W2078224158","https://openalex.org/W2080873731","https://openalex.org/W2091098068","https://openalex.org/W2093949207","https://openalex.org/W2103015390","https://openalex.org/W2113325037","https://openalex.org/W2120362657","https://openalex.org/W2121969814","https://openalex.org/W2124864523","https://openalex.org/W2128271252","https://openalex.org/W2128981808","https://openalex.org/W2131263044","https://openalex.org/W2135533529","https://openalex.org/W2136391815","https://openalex.org/W2139857301","https://openalex.org/W2142540304","https://openalex.org/W2143487029","https://openalex.org/W2155394491","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161361693","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2175012183","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2208717854","https://openalex.org/W2210722207","https://openalex.org/W2330154883","https://openalex.org/W2346347314","https://openalex.org/W2464305746","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W2608118058","https://openalex.org/W2949447708","https://openalex.org/W2963448913","https://openalex.org/W2963474899","https://openalex.org/W2964304707","https://openalex.org/W6638386424","https://openalex.org/W6640740087","https://openalex.org/W6654914043","https://openalex.org/W6678509853","https://openalex.org/W6680285999","https://openalex.org/W6682891246","https://openalex.org/W6683590607","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6737184804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123263858","https://openalex.org/W3127959533","https://openalex.org/W4387967917","https://openalex.org/W4387968151","https://openalex.org/W4386925306","https://openalex.org/W3132124459","https://openalex.org/W2946083937","https://openalex.org/W2894986065","https://openalex.org/W4299867837","https://openalex.org/W3110557940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"the":[1,9,29,39,43,68,74,134,145,161,188],"relationship":[2,23,147],"among":[3,148],"human":[4,14,69,82,89,93,107,125,149,170],"joints":[5,48,150],"is":[6,49,71],"one":[7],"of":[8,18,32,42,190],"most":[10],"important":[11,86],"components":[12],"in":[13,73,88,92,153,176],"pose":[15,70,90,171,182],"estimation.":[16],"Most":[17],"previous":[19],"methods":[20],"define":[21],"this":[22,37,53,78,116,122],"as":[24,62,128],"a":[25,104,129,139,154],"geometric":[26],"constraint":[27],"on":[28,164],"relative":[30],"locations":[31],"two":[33,46,165],"neighboring":[34,47],"joints.":[35],"In":[36],"constraint,":[38],"local":[40,117],"appearance":[41,55],"region":[44],"connecting":[45],"ignored.":[50],"However,":[51],"discarding":[52],"image":[54,79,118],"leads":[56],"to":[57,97,102,143,156],"some":[58],"severe":[59],"problems,":[60],"such":[61],"double-counting":[63],"and":[64,114,151,178],"localization":[65,127],"failure":[66],"when":[67],"rare":[72],"training":[75],"dataset.":[76],"Moreover,":[77],"appearance,":[80],"called":[81],"limb,":[83],"plays":[84],"an":[85],"role":[87],"estimation":[91],"visual":[94],"system.":[95],"Due":[96],"these":[98],"reasons,":[99],"we":[100,137],"propose":[101],"solve":[103],"new":[105],"task:":[106],"limb":[108],"detection,":[109],"which":[110],"aims":[111],"at":[112],"detecting":[113],"representing":[115],"appearance.":[119],"We":[120,159],"combine":[121],"task":[123],"with":[124],"joint":[126],"unified":[130],"framework.":[131],"After":[132],"getting":[133],"initial":[135],"detections,":[136],"design":[138],"two-steps":[140],"graphical":[141],"model":[142],"capture":[144],"spatial":[146],"limbs":[152],"coarse":[155],"fine":[157],"way.":[158],"evaluate":[160],"proposed":[162],"method":[163],"widely":[166],"used":[167],"datasets":[168],"for":[169],"estimation:":[172],"1)":[173],"frame":[174],"labeled":[175],"cinema":[177],"2)":[179],"leeds":[180],"sports":[181],"datasets.":[183],"The":[184],"experiments":[185],"results":[186],"show":[187],"effectiveness":[189],"our":[191],"method.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}