{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2507636931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2600405","title":"Queryable Semantics to Detect Cyber-Attacks: A Flow-Based Detection Approach","display_name":"Queryable Semantics to Detect Cyber-Attacks: A Flow-Based Detection Approach","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2507636931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2600405","mag":"2507636931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2600405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2600405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060546610","display_name":"Ahmed Aleroud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-1488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85507684","display_name":"Yarmouk University","ror":"https://ror.org/004mbaj56","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed F. AlEroud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Information Systems, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-1488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Information Systems, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065573453","display_name":"George Karabatis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-0801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Karabatis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3997,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93167917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"2","first_page":"207","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8509762287139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netflow","display_name":"NetFlow","score":0.6204276084899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5669843554496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.552483081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5289003252983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5153610110282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5086017847061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.45868682861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.425681471824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.41812950372695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41765323281288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35283347964286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34464308619499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20332184433937073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8509762287139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188067584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219363","display_name":"NetFlow","level":2,"score":0.6204276084899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5669843554496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.552483081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5289003252983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5153610110282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5086017847061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.45868682861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.425681471824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.41812950372695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41765323281288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35283347964286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34464308619499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20332184433937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2600405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2600405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150751426","https://openalex.org/W195086812","https://openalex.org/W285122196","https://openalex.org/W1488596019","https://openalex.org/W1518431406","https://openalex.org/W1551705282","https://openalex.org/W1562135275","https://openalex.org/W1580437619","https://openalex.org/W1595868485","https://openalex.org/W1615570909","https://openalex.org/W1693735497","https://openalex.org/W1738203895","https://openalex.org/W1775772884","https://openalex.org/W1810489654","https://openalex.org/W1972237320","https://openalex.org/W1980792387","https://openalex.org/W1988888087","https://openalex.org/W1993467749","https://openalex.org/W1993832788","https://openalex.org/W2002900768","https://openalex.org/W2006223810","https://openalex.org/W2009455026","https://openalex.org/W2030553727","https://openalex.org/W2031901541","https://openalex.org/W2033082111","https://openalex.org/W2053822404","https://openalex.org/W2073384654","https://openalex.org/W2078799390","https://openalex.org/W2086154282","https://openalex.org/W2093859880","https://openalex.org/W2101400398","https://openalex.org/W2105140491","https://openalex.org/W2108867737","https://openalex.org/W2108933770","https://openalex.org/W2110385611","https://openalex.org/W2111723807","https://openalex.org/W2113061123","https://openalex.org/W2114718230","https://openalex.org/W2116410651","https://openalex.org/W2116587206","https://openalex.org/W2119662014","https://openalex.org/W2120443925","https://openalex.org/W2120664731","https://openalex.org/W2135475312","https://openalex.org/W2137304183","https://openalex.org/W2137928260","https://openalex.org/W2147457514","https://openalex.org/W2156952351","https://openalex.org/W2161888393","https://openalex.org/W2163950614","https://openalex.org/W2164210932","https://openalex.org/W2165875088","https://openalex.org/W2168938675","https://openalex.org/W2170158155","https://openalex.org/W2171230466","https://openalex.org/W2171331105","https://openalex.org/W2242899574","https://openalex.org/W2251985815","https://openalex.org/W2255206882","https://openalex.org/W2274923945","https://openalex.org/W2328654303","https://openalex.org/W2402399645","https://openalex.org/W2544088398","https://openalex.org/W2548209566","https://openalex.org/W3138598418","https://openalex.org/W3139789735","https://openalex.org/W4232814967","https://openalex.org/W4240877469","https://openalex.org/W4251335428","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302617909","https://openalex.org/W4366454906","https://openalex.org/W6607957931","https://openalex.org/W6632924670","https://openalex.org/W6637675071","https://openalex.org/W6638021444","https://openalex.org/W6677230804","https://openalex.org/W6680369147","https://openalex.org/W6684768207","https://openalex.org/W6694704342","https://openalex.org/W6729373800","https://openalex.org/W6729439378","https://openalex.org/W6852745194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134539183","https://openalex.org/W2359209543","https://openalex.org/W2370801098","https://openalex.org/W2380475535","https://openalex.org/W2377112249","https://openalex.org/W4320027669","https://openalex.org/W3199479007","https://openalex.org/W2611702147","https://openalex.org/W4289655086","https://openalex.org/W2532289025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-attacks":[0],"continue":[1],"to":[2,6,38,56,73,85,113,122,159,172],"increase":[3],"worldwide,":[4],"leading":[5,55],"significant":[7],"loss":[8],"or":[9],"misuse":[10],"of":[11,15,45,96,180,186],"information":[12,71,84,107],"assets.":[13],"Most":[14],"the":[16,69],"existing":[17],"intrusion":[18],"detection":[19],"systems":[20],"rely":[21],"on":[22,134,196],"per-packet":[23],"inspection,":[24],"a":[25,47,51,76,146,193],"resource":[26],"consuming":[27],"task":[28],"in":[29,120,176,204],"today's":[30],"high":[31,57],"speed":[32],"networks.":[33],"A":[34],"recent":[35],"trend":[36],"is":[37,79,111],"analyze":[39],"netflows":[40],"(or":[41],"simply":[42],"flows)":[43],"instead":[44],"packets,":[46],"technique":[48],"performed":[49,191],"at":[50,157],"relative":[52],"low":[53],"level":[54],"false":[58],"alarm":[59],"rates.":[60],"Since":[61],"analyzing":[62],"raw":[63],"data":[64],"extracted":[65,99],"from":[66,100,109,145],"flows":[67,110,177],"lacks":[68],"semantic":[70,91,115,126,136],"needed":[72],"discover":[74],"attacks,":[75],"novel":[77],"approach":[78,168,188],"introduced,":[80],"which":[81,140],"uses":[82],"contextual":[83,106],"automatically":[86],"identify":[87],"and":[88,104,208],"query":[89],"possible":[90],"links":[92,116,127],"between":[93],"different":[94],"types":[95],"suspicious":[97,123],"activities":[98],"flows.":[101,124,151],"Time,":[102],"location,":[103],"other":[105,161],"mined":[108],"applied":[112],"generate":[114],"among":[117],"alerts":[118],"raised":[119],"response":[121],"These":[125],"are":[128,154],"identified":[129],"through":[130],"an":[131,142],"inference":[132],"process":[133],"probabilistic":[135],"link":[137],"networks":[138],"(SLNs),":[139],"receive":[141],"initial":[143],"prediction":[144],"classifier":[147],"that":[148,166],"analyzes":[149],"incoming":[150],"The":[152],"SLNs":[153],"then":[155],"queried":[156],"run-time":[158],"retrieve":[160],"relevant":[162],"predictions.":[163],"We":[164],"show":[165],"our":[167,187],"can":[169],"be":[170],"extended":[171],"detect":[173],"unknown":[174,209],"attacks":[175],"as":[178],"variations":[179],"known":[181,207],"attacks.":[182,210],"An":[183],"extensive":[184],"validation":[185],"has":[189],"been":[190],"with":[192],"prototype":[194],"system":[195],"several":[197],"benchmark":[198],"datasets":[199],"yielding":[200],"very":[201],"promising":[202],"results":[203],"detecting":[205],"both":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
