{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2509524855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2587483","title":"Vehicle Detection by a Context-Aware Multichannel Feature Pyramid","display_name":"Vehicle Detection by a Context-Aware Multichannel Feature Pyramid","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2509524855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2587483","mag":"2509524855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2587483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2587483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013771953","display_name":"Xue Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046470327","display_name":"Xiaoming Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102923496","display_name":"Xiaoli Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-568X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073025681","display_name":"Houjin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-8495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houjin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088581805","display_name":"Xueye Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueye Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3521,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87042522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"7","first_page":"1348","last_page":"1357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8142943382263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.810078501701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7730528116226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7127654552459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7122423648834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6143131256103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6119894981384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5861337780952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.534903883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.45927339792251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.412314772605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4095427095890045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32624882459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13087603449821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06832507252693176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8142943382263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.810078501701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7730528116226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7127654552459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7122423648834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6143131256103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6119894981384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5861337780952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.534903883934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.45927339792251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.412314772605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4095427095890045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32624882459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13087603449821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06832507252693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2587483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2587483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3443684610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015JBM019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323066","funder_display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G645793028","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6781129218","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e73\u817aX\u7ebf\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61271305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7283825826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011JBZ010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323066","funder_display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323066","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330644","display_name":"Centro de Desenvolvimento de Materiais Funcionais","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519680709","https://openalex.org/W1573508639","https://openalex.org/W1957959054","https://openalex.org/W1967535090","https://openalex.org/W1973394488","https://openalex.org/W1986634836","https://openalex.org/W2002427601","https://openalex.org/W2009234019","https://openalex.org/W2009549443","https://openalex.org/W2035710656","https://openalex.org/W2036642166","https://openalex.org/W2046812143","https://openalex.org/W2047139834","https://openalex.org/W2065485838","https://openalex.org/W2088173505","https://openalex.org/W2090890830","https://openalex.org/W2100912617","https://openalex.org/W2120121093","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2125556102","https://openalex.org/W2131081720","https://openalex.org/W2136767008","https://openalex.org/W2141849283","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2146769544","https://openalex.org/W2154271851","https://openalex.org/W2156241262","https://openalex.org/W2158182800","https://openalex.org/W2158756768","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2170556156","https://openalex.org/W2185813266","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6631074727","https://openalex.org/W6681651645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053928191","https://openalex.org/W2797752778","https://openalex.org/W2348780717","https://openalex.org/W2071599417","https://openalex.org/W2048716406","https://openalex.org/W1964725559","https://openalex.org/W2939132449","https://openalex.org/W2979608518","https://openalex.org/W1409560160","https://openalex.org/W3003960249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,124,139,155],"majority":[1],"of":[2,10,20,76,108,137,157],"the":[3,109,129,133,158,166,176,181,191],"existing":[4],"appearance-based":[5],"vehicle-detection":[6],"systems":[7],"make":[8],"use":[9],"local":[11,31,118],"features":[12,32,151],"for":[13,49,152,190,207],"detection":[14],"purposes,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,86,204,206],"Haar-like,":[18],"histograms":[19],"oriented":[21],"gradients,":[22],"scale-invariant":[23],"feature":[24,65,92,143],"transform,":[25],"and":[26,42,55,93,111,120,200],"so":[27],"forth.":[28],"However,":[29],"these":[30],"have":[33,53,128,196],"limitations":[34],"when":[35,173],"dealing":[36],"with":[37,104,175,212],"illuminations,":[38],"scale,":[39],"shape":[40],"variations,":[41],"complex":[43,213],"background":[44],"situations.":[45],"It":[46],"is":[47,79,114,145],"desirable":[48],"a":[50,61,87,105],"vehicle":[51,153],"to":[52,131,147,170,186],"discriminative":[54],"robust":[56],"features.":[57],"For":[58],"this":[59,71,77],"purpose,":[60],"novel":[62],"context-aware":[63,82,88,94,121,125,134,141],"multichannel":[64,142],"pyramid":[66,144],"has":[67,101],"been":[68,102],"proposed":[69,140,167],"in":[70],"paper.":[72],"main":[74],"contribution":[75],"paper":[78],"proposing":[80],"two":[81,159],"structural":[83,122,126,135],"descriptors,":[84],"termed":[85],"difference":[89,95],"sign":[90],"transform":[91,97],"magnitude":[96],"feature.":[98],"An":[99],"image":[100],"tiled":[103],"dense":[106],"grid":[107],"cells,":[110],"each":[112],"cell":[113],"described":[115],"by":[116],"both":[117],"details":[119],"descriptors.":[123],"descriptors":[127],"ability":[130],"capture":[132],"information":[136],"cells.":[138],"able":[146],"provide":[148],"more":[149],"effective":[150],"detection.":[154],"results":[156,183],"public":[160],"traffic":[161],"analysis":[162],"datasets":[163],"show":[164],"that":[165,195,209],"approach":[168],"leads":[169],"better":[171],"performances":[172],"compared":[174],"current":[177],"state-of-the-art":[178],"methods.":[179],"Moreover,":[180],"experimental":[182],"are":[184],"determined":[185],"be":[187],"satisfactory,":[188],"even":[189],"images":[192,208],"containing":[193],"vehicles":[194],"undergone":[197],"scale":[198],"variations":[199],"camera":[201],"viewpoint":[202],"changes,":[203],"well":[205],"were":[210],"photographed":[211],"backgrounds.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}