{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079315906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309060","title":"A Mechanism for Forming Composite Explanatory Hypotheses","display_name":"A Mechanism for Forming Composite Explanatory Hypotheses","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079315906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309060","mag":"2079315906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085304082","display_name":"John R. Josephson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155382","display_name":"Knowledge Based Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtf4q04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. Josephson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002065279","display_name":"B. Chandrasekaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155382","display_name":"Knowledge Based Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtf4q04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Chandrasekaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018227028","display_name":"Jack W. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-0732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155382","display_name":"Knowledge Based Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtf4q04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091161864","display_name":"Michael C. Tanner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0243-8113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155382","display_name":"Knowledge Based Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtf4q04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Tanner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems, Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science,  and the Laboratory for Knowledge Based Medical Systems,  Department of Pathology, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.6663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99636529,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"445","last_page":"454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.7326708436012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.7241368293762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7170724272727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6476343274116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5818603038787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5137730836868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5121214389801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5072559714317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4594505727291107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4281691908836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37617453932762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.13327401876449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10300061106681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0933752954006195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7326708436012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.7241368293762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7170724272727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6476343274116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5818603038787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5137730836868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5121214389801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5072559714317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4594505727291107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4281691908836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37617453932762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.13327401876449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10300061106681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0933752954006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38794278","https://openalex.org/W60163725","https://openalex.org/W137603104","https://openalex.org/W625393642","https://openalex.org/W1512426208","https://openalex.org/W1607098608","https://openalex.org/W1895928490","https://openalex.org/W1923807516","https://openalex.org/W1983382292","https://openalex.org/W2014909085","https://openalex.org/W2016030371","https://openalex.org/W2027616817","https://openalex.org/W2032511848","https://openalex.org/W2051905507","https://openalex.org/W2074706689","https://openalex.org/W2086349649","https://openalex.org/W2397571339","https://openalex.org/W2519604290","https://openalex.org/W2807428476","https://openalex.org/W2945259913","https://openalex.org/W3118622507","https://openalex.org/W3148413064","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602462049","https://openalex.org/W6639671969","https://openalex.org/W6654477351","https://openalex.org/W6663335452","https://openalex.org/W6712207515","https://openalex.org/W6726807001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045049461","https://openalex.org/W4381094582","https://openalex.org/W1978893398","https://openalex.org/W1977906818","https://openalex.org/W2201908702","https://openalex.org/W2369625323","https://openalex.org/W2364579609","https://openalex.org/W1522139108","https://openalex.org/W2353528968","https://openalex.org/W2032776242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,22,67],"general":[1],"problem-solving":[2,71],"mechanism":[3,27,72,131,164],"is":[4,7,55,73,89,109,132],"described":[5,133],"that":[6,90,138,153],"especially":[8,124],"suited":[9],"for":[10,75,170,180,192,204],"performing":[11],"a":[12,76,99,111,118,166,175,182,213],"particular":[13,77],"form":[14],"of":[15,83,91,105,114,121,144,157,208,212,219,230],"abductive":[16],"inference,":[17],"or":[18],"best":[19,183],"explanation":[20,184],"finding.":[21],"problem":[23,53],"solver":[24,54],"embodying":[25],"this":[26,50],"synthesizes":[28],"composite":[29,94],"hypotheses":[30,34,41,96,188],"by":[31,44],"combining":[32],"simple":[33,40],"to":[35,57,215,225],"satisfy":[36,226],"explanatory":[37,47,95],"goals.":[38],"These":[39],"are":[42,64,128,148,198],"formed":[43],"instantiating":[45],"prestored":[46,100],"\"concepts.\"":[48],"In":[49],"way":[51],"the":[52,140,145,186,205,210,216,221,227,231],"able":[56],"arrive":[58],"at":[59],"complex":[60],"integrated":[61],"conclusions":[62],"which":[63,80],"not":[65],"prestored.":[66],"computationally":[68],"feasible":[69],"task-specific":[70],"presented":[74],"information-processing":[78],"task":[79,88,113],"is,":[81,139],"nevertheless,":[82],"very":[84],"great":[85],"generality.":[86],"The":[87,130,163],"synthesizing":[92],"coherent":[93],"based":[97],"upon":[98],"and":[101,116,136,142,191,218],"possibly":[102],"vast":[103],"collection":[104],"hypothesis-generating":[106],"concepts.":[107],"This":[108],"seemingly":[110],"common":[112],"intelligence":[115],"potentially":[117],"major":[119],"component":[120],"diagnostic":[122],"reasoning,":[123],"where":[125],"single-fault":[126],"assumptions":[127],"inappropriate.":[129],"both":[134],"functionally":[135],"structurally;":[137],"why":[141],"what":[143],"main":[146],"computations":[147,159],"described,":[149],"together":[150],"with":[151,174],"algorithms":[152],"show":[154],"how":[155],"each":[156],"these":[158],"can":[160],"be":[161],"accomplished.":[162],"integrates":[165],"classification":[167],"machine,":[168,178],"used":[169,179],"selecting":[171],"plausible":[172,187],"hypotheses,":[173],"specialized":[176,202],"means-ends":[177],"assembling":[181],"from":[185],"thus":[189],"selected":[190],"pointedly":[193],"investigating":[194],"alternative":[195],"explanations.":[196],"There":[197],"also":[199],"two":[200],"other":[201,232],"mechanisms":[203],"subsidiary":[206],"functions":[207],"recognizing":[209],"applicability":[211],"hypothesis":[214],"situation":[217],"interpreting":[220],"situation-specific":[222],"raw":[223],"data":[224],"informational":[228],"needs":[229],"components.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}