{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125545545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1984.6313269","title":"The case for reactive management systems: Elements of a real-time decision technology","display_name":"The case for reactive management systems: Elements of a real-time decision technology","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125545545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1984.6313269","mag":"2125545545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1984.6313269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1984.6313269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012603342","display_name":"John W. Sutherland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2118-0907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John W. Sutherland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012603342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73723653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"SMC-14","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9196000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9196000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.8256518840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referent","display_name":"Referent","score":0.8148425817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.7275457382202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48931190371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.447984516620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.44378897547721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","score":0.4408855736255646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.42126280069351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.36024463176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.24930888414382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.20813414454460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17852848768234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17382043600082397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.8256518840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777096784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3826351","display_name":"Referent","level":2,"score":0.8148425817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.7275457382202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48931190371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.447984516620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.44378897547721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4408855736255646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.42126280069351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36024463176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.24930888414382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.20813414454460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17852848768234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17382043600082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1984.6313269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1984.6313269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W590788508","https://openalex.org/W2143938773","https://openalex.org/W4235873430","https://openalex.org/W2611974471","https://openalex.org/W4313233093","https://openalex.org/W2358082531","https://openalex.org/W2589976903","https://openalex.org/W1583826057","https://openalex.org/W2366781357","https://openalex.org/W2493878481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"dominant":[1],"referent":[2],"in":[3,20],"mainstream":[4],"management":[5,50],"theory":[6],"is":[7,12,55],"the":[8,15,25,52],"reflective":[9,26],"paradigm.":[10],"It":[11],"argued":[13],"that":[14],"increasing":[16],"level":[17],"of":[18,43],"complexity":[19],"many":[21],"organizational":[22],"environments":[23],"makes":[24],"paradigm":[27],"increasingly":[28,38],"inappropriate":[29],"as":[30,40],"a":[31,41],"managerial":[32],"referent,":[33],"and":[34,57],"planning-based":[35],"decision":[36],"instrumentation":[37],"tenuous":[39],"source":[42],"technical":[44],"support.":[45],"As":[46],"alternative":[47],"premise":[48],"for":[49],"systems,":[51],"reactive":[53],"protocol,":[54],"defined":[56],"discussed.":[58]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
