{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111835955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310091","title":"An Edge-Preserving Recursive Noise-Smoothing Algorithm for Image Data","display_name":"An Edge-Preserving Recursive Noise-Smoothing Algorithm for Image Data","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111835955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310091","mag":"2111835955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078931169","display_name":"J. Biemond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-8274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Biemond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Theory Group of the Electrical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Theory Group of the Electrical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113501992","display_name":"Jan J. Gerbrands","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan J. Gerbrands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Theory Group of the Electrical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Theory Group of the Electrical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6539,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85408246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"622","last_page":"627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.7877097725868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-preserving-smoothing","display_name":"Edge-preserving smoothing","score":0.6837014555931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6809169054031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6524442434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.565498411655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-kalman-filter","display_name":"Fast Kalman filter","score":0.5518779754638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5333036780357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5301557183265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-noise","display_name":"Image noise","score":0.5295501947402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.5160877108573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5063954591751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4974382221698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4739016592502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.46991220116615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.46907538175582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4322749674320221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-filter","display_name":"Bilateral filter","score":0.3995647430419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39257127046585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.2844442129135132}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.7877097725868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141651230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337637","display_name":"Edge-preserving smoothing","level":4,"score":0.6837014555931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6809169054031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6524442434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.565498411655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150679823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5436946","display_name":"Fast Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.5518779754638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5333036780357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5301557183265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35772409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323086","display_name":"Image noise","level":3,"score":0.5295501947402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.5160877108573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5063954591751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4974382221698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4739016592502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.46991220116615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.46907538175582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4322749674320221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156140930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860417","display_name":"Bilateral filter","level":3,"score":0.3995647430419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39257127046585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.2844442129135132}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586172726","https://openalex.org/W1589450660","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1820172502","https://openalex.org/W1857738836","https://openalex.org/W1968245656","https://openalex.org/W1993660008","https://openalex.org/W1996645290","https://openalex.org/W2016396776","https://openalex.org/W2037942041","https://openalex.org/W2043937508","https://openalex.org/W2057683929","https://openalex.org/W2069471540","https://openalex.org/W2084626950","https://openalex.org/W2116780358","https://openalex.org/W2144412213","https://openalex.org/W2149934012","https://openalex.org/W2159498373","https://openalex.org/W3020065708","https://openalex.org/W3189740781","https://openalex.org/W3215158811","https://openalex.org/W6644424996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314518988","https://openalex.org/W4317791997","https://openalex.org/W2189489016","https://openalex.org/W2100925004","https://openalex.org/W2744626287","https://openalex.org/W3088540525","https://openalex.org/W2147345308","https://openalex.org/W2012296563","https://openalex.org/W2050930227","https://openalex.org/W2018299549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recursive":[0],"Kalman":[1,65,91],"filters":[2,14],"are":[3,15,40,96,118],"often":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6],"noise":[7,26],"reduction":[8],"in":[9,37,80],"image":[10,22,39,43],"data.":[11],"These":[12,49],"linear":[13],"based":[16],"on":[17],"the":[18,31,35,38,52,56,78,81,88,108,122],"second-order":[19],"statistics":[20],"of":[21,55,115,124],"and":[23,42,60],"noise.":[24],"The":[25],"is":[27,45,67,70,111],"effectively":[28,112],"reduced":[29,46],"by":[30],"filtering":[32],"operation,":[33],"but":[34,98],"edges":[36,79,95],"blurred":[41],"contrast":[44],"as":[47],"well.":[48],"effects":[50],"decrease":[51],"subjective":[53],"quality":[54],"image.":[57,83],"A":[58],"simple":[59],"computationally":[61],"fast":[62],"scan-ordered":[63],"one-dimensional":[64],"filter":[66,85,92],"derived,":[68],"which":[69],"then":[71],"provided":[72],"with":[73],"additional":[74],"structural":[75],"information":[76],"about":[77],"noisy":[82],"This":[84],"behaves":[86],"like":[87],"original":[89],"noise-smoothing":[90],"if":[93],"no":[94],"present":[97],"has":[99],"a":[100],"greatly":[101],"improved":[102],"step":[103],"response.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"way":[107],"edge-blurring":[109],"phenomenon":[110],"reduced.":[113],"Results":[114],"several":[116],"experiments":[117],"presented":[119],"to":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"feasibility":[123],"our":[125],"approach.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}