{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037810982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1977.4309606","title":"Machine Recognition of Abnormal Behavior in Nuclear Reactors","display_name":"Machine Recognition of Abnormal Behavior in Nuclear Reactors","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037810982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1977.4309606","mag":"2037810982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1977.4309606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1977.4309606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060483774","display_name":"Rafael C. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8486-1032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. C. Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Instrumentation and Controls Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrumentation and Controls Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034408421","display_name":"L. C. Howington","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. C. Howington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Development Division, Union Carbide Corporation, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Division, Union Carbide Corporation, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5148,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95594179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"10","first_page":"717","last_page":"728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12560","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.7174298763275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6541261076927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5375966429710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"Statistical power","score":0.5314643979072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4945647418498993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4861900210380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4708770215511322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4410141706466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.4364892840385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3091241121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2675287127494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.188394695520401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.1343824863433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10433748364448547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.7174298763275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6541261076927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5375966429710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.5314643979072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4945647418498993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4861900210380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4708770215511322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4410141706466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.4364892840385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3091241121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2675287127494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.188394695520401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.1343824863433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10433748364448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1977.4309606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1977.4309606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52075303","https://openalex.org/W160842896","https://openalex.org/W191914210","https://openalex.org/W638907461","https://openalex.org/W1557771353","https://openalex.org/W1788204555","https://openalex.org/W1975713826","https://openalex.org/W1990701202","https://openalex.org/W2000240771","https://openalex.org/W2109118056","https://openalex.org/W2268296283","https://openalex.org/W2536367064","https://openalex.org/W2797579686","https://openalex.org/W4236023629","https://openalex.org/W4245091449","https://openalex.org/W4294113920","https://openalex.org/W4400445037","https://openalex.org/W6606460293","https://openalex.org/W6607722454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907","https://openalex.org/W3089231081","https://openalex.org/W2093956241","https://openalex.org/W2354420595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"multivariate":[1],"statistical":[2,39],"pattern":[3,109],"recognition":[4,110],"system":[5,16,32],"for":[6,20,26],"reactor":[7],"noise":[8],"analysis":[9],"is":[10,17,33],"presented.":[11],"The":[12,31],"basis":[13],"of":[14,38,41,58,91,96],"the":[15,42,59,80,97,108],"a":[18,36],"transformation":[19],"decoupling":[21],"correlated":[22],"variables":[23],"and":[24,44,50,68],"algorithms":[25],"inferring":[27],"probability":[28],"density":[29],"functions.":[30],"adaptable":[34],"to":[35,64,69],"variety":[37],"properties":[40],"data,":[43],"it":[45],"has":[46],"learning,":[47],"tracking,":[48],"updating,":[49],"dimensionality":[51],"reduction":[52],"capabilities.":[53],"System":[54],"design":[55],"emphasizes":[56],"control":[57],"false-alarm":[60],"rate.":[61],"Its":[62],"abilities":[63],"learn":[65],"normal":[66],"patterns":[67,74],"recognize":[70],"deviations":[71],"from":[72],"these":[73],"were":[75,104],"evaluated":[76],"by":[77,107],"experiments":[78],"at":[79],"Oak":[81],"Ridge":[82],"National":[83],"Laboratory":[84],"(ORNL)":[85],"High-Flux":[86],"Isotope":[87],"Reactor.":[88],"Power":[89],"perturbations":[90],"less":[92],"than":[93],"0.1":[94],"percent":[95],"mean":[98],"value":[99],"in":[100],"selected":[101],"frequency":[102],"ranges":[103],"readily":[105],"detected":[106],"system.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
