{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084354115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1976.4309418","title":"A Technique to Identify Nearest Neighbors","display_name":"A Technique to Identify Nearest Neighbors","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084354115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1976.4309418","mag":"2084354115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1976.4309418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1976.4309418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111859644","display_name":"T. P. Yunck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Yunck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111859644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89598239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"SMC-6","issue":"10","first_page":"678","last_page":"683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minkowski-space","display_name":"Minkowski space","score":0.8367450833320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minkowski-distance","display_name":"Minkowski distance","score":0.8105733394622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.7524128556251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6552591323852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6319057941436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6252714395523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-space","display_name":"Euclidean space","score":0.5797085165977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-space","display_name":"Metric space","score":0.579206109046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5458924174308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.5445017218589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5240645408630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5035132765769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-geometry","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","score":0.5012269020080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4675914943218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-neighbor-search","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","score":0.42345964908599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3375024199485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2009325921535492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.17877379059791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1581631600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15469121932983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10016682744026184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79464548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464794","display_name":"Minkowski space","level":2,"score":0.8367450833320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110765721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414361","display_name":"Minkowski distance","level":3,"score":0.8105733394622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.7524128556251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6552591323852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6319057941436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6252714395523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186450821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17295","display_name":"Euclidean space","level":2,"score":0.5797085165977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198043062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180953","display_name":"Metric space","level":2,"score":0.579206109046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5458924174308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.5445017218589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5240645408630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5035132765769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.5012269020080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4675914943218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116738811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608751","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","level":2,"score":0.42345964908599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3375024199485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2009325921535492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17877379059791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1581631600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15469121932983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10016682744026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1976.4309418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1976.4309418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967320885","https://openalex.org/W1983645263","https://openalex.org/W1984047604","https://openalex.org/W1994410331","https://openalex.org/W2009881214","https://openalex.org/W2019762723","https://openalex.org/W2076506437","https://openalex.org/W2088171019","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2162583212","https://openalex.org/W4232516836","https://openalex.org/W4256561644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288410327","https://openalex.org/W2923595952","https://openalex.org/W2934869655","https://openalex.org/W763779893","https://openalex.org/W1992732116","https://openalex.org/W4210963094","https://openalex.org/W2585552969","https://openalex.org/W3123672120","https://openalex.org/W1642991110","https://openalex.org/W4226024638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"nonarithmetic":[1],"procedure":[2,34],"is":[3,30,72,80,117],"described":[4],"for":[5],"discovering":[6],"among":[7],"a":[8,13,20,54,81],"set":[9,55],"of":[10,56,64,91,108],"points":[11],"in":[12,96],"d-dimensional":[14],"space,":[15],"the":[16,25,61,89,92,105,114],"k":[17],"neighbors":[18,45],"nearest":[19,44,115],"given":[21,73],"point,":[22],"according":[23,46],"to":[24,38,47,112],"Minkowski":[26,49],"\"max":[27],"metric.\"":[28],"It":[29],"shown":[31],"that":[32],"this":[33,70],"may":[35],"be":[36],"used":[37,52,95],"eliminate":[39],"distance":[40,65,109],"calculations":[41,66,110],"when":[42],"finding":[43],"any":[48],"p-metric.":[50],"When":[51],"with":[53,99],"uniformly":[57,101],"distributed":[58,102],"sample":[59,103],"points,":[60,104],"expected":[62],"number":[63,107],"n":[67],"required":[68,111],"by":[69,74,84],"technique":[71],"E[n]":[75],"\u2243":[76],"kCp,d":[77],"where":[78],"Cp,d":[79],"constant":[82],"determined":[83],"p":[85],"and":[86],"d.":[87],"In":[88],"case":[90],"Euclidean":[93],"metric":[94],"two":[97],"dimensions":[98],"1000":[100],"effective":[106],"find":[113],"neighbor":[116],"approximately":[118],"five.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}