{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143726631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1975.5408372","title":"Alcohol Effects on Driving Behavior and Performance in a Car Simulator","display_name":"Alcohol Effects on Driving Behavior and Performance in a Car Simulator","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143726631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1975.5408372","mag":"2143726631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1975.5408372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1975.5408372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111378315","display_name":"R. Wade Allen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143979","display_name":"Systems Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cv8g472","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Wade Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030188684","display_name":"Henry R. Jex","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143979","display_name":"Systems Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cv8g472","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry R. Jex","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056083045","display_name":"Duane T. McRuer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143979","display_name":"Systems Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cv8g472","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duane T. McRuer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080125530","display_name":"Richard J. DiMarco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143979","display_name":"Systems Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cv8g472","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Dimarco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. 90250","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111378315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.4475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99317872,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"SMC-5","issue":"5","first_page":"498","last_page":"505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.6449984908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5968733429908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5966612696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.579714834690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5164964199066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2281275987625122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.6449984908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5968733429908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5966612696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.579714834690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5164964199066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2281275987625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1975.5408372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1975.5408372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W561798436","https://openalex.org/W609121509","https://openalex.org/W650301789","https://openalex.org/W781488618","https://openalex.org/W1526408188","https://openalex.org/W1553765580","https://openalex.org/W1585250893","https://openalex.org/W1965889646","https://openalex.org/W1969597199","https://openalex.org/W2087917847","https://openalex.org/W2088631303","https://openalex.org/W2091389075","https://openalex.org/W2105323923","https://openalex.org/W2198784752","https://openalex.org/W2253717094","https://openalex.org/W2282003414","https://openalex.org/W2306359189","https://openalex.org/W2313001157","https://openalex.org/W2761974635","https://openalex.org/W3174787422","https://openalex.org/W6631390895","https://openalex.org/W6692188765","https://openalex.org/W6695413472","https://openalex.org/W6698344606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W282528669","https://openalex.org/W2258033839","https://openalex.org/W1953662744","https://openalex.org/W2153252802","https://openalex.org/W4297884099","https://openalex.org/W3203668668","https://openalex.org/W4391055430","https://openalex.org/W3009214786","https://openalex.org/W3214769583","https://openalex.org/W2116812645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"fixed-base":[1],"simulation":[2,16,208],"has":[3,209,218],"been":[4],"developed":[5],"to":[6,33,152,177,201,236,241],"test":[7],"the":[8,35,58,72,124,131,159,179,186,199,230],"effect":[9],"of":[10,39,42,47,105,181,227,243],"alcohol":[11,102,202,215],"on":[12,71,77,123,185],"driving":[13,207],"performance.":[14],"The":[15,206],"includes":[17],"both":[18,48,193],"lateral":[19],"steering":[20,59,164,187],"control":[21,50,133,160,165,188],"and":[22,28,37,52,61,63,66,108,114,117,120,166,175,229,239],"a":[23,224],"discrete":[24,73,125,167],"visual":[25],"detection,":[26],"recognition,":[27],"response":[29,170],"task":[30,189],"set":[31],"up":[32],"provide":[34],"workload":[36],"division":[38],"attention":[40,157],"typical":[41],"real":[43],"world":[44],"driving.":[45],"Measurements":[46],"driver":[49,144],"behavior":[51,79],"driver-vehicle":[53],"performance":[54],"were":[55,69,172,195],"obtained":[56],"for":[57,92,214],"task,":[60],"detection":[62,119],"recognition":[64],"indexes":[65],"reaction":[67,121],"time":[68],"measured":[70,81],"task.":[74,126,161],"Preliminary":[75],"results":[76],"scanning":[78],"as":[80,223],"with":[82],"an":[83,211],"eye-point-of-regard":[84],"monitor":[85],"are":[86,90,139],"also":[87],"presented.":[88],"Data":[89],"given":[91],"eighteen":[93],"drivers,":[94],"ranging":[95],"in":[96,158],"age":[97],"from":[98,221],"21-65,":[99],"at":[100],"blood":[101],"concentrations":[103],"(BAC)":[104],"0,":[106],"0.06,":[107],"0.11.":[109],"Alcohol":[110],"causes":[111],"larger":[112],"lane":[113],"heading":[115],"deviations,":[116],"increases":[118],"times":[122],"Control-behavior":[127],"measures":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130],"driver's":[132],"gain":[134],"decreases,":[135],"but":[136,198],"stability":[137],"margins":[138],"maintained":[140],"under":[141],"alcohol,":[142],"while":[143],"remnant":[145],"increases.":[146],"Such":[147],"effects":[148,180,203],"could":[149],"be":[150,237],"due":[151],"indifference":[153],"thresholds":[154],"and/or":[155],"intermittent":[156],"Both":[162],"continuous":[163],"peripheral":[168],"``sign''":[169],"tasks":[171,194],"performed,":[173],"singly":[174],"combined,":[176],"investigate":[178],"divided":[182],"attention.":[183],"Performance":[184],"was":[190,204],"decreased":[191],"when":[192],"done":[196],"concurrently,":[197],"sensitivity":[200],"similar.":[205],"proven":[210,235],"efficient":[212],"tool":[213],"research.":[216],"It":[217],"gained":[219],"acceptance":[220],"subjects":[222],"valid":[225],"approximation":[226],"driving,":[228],"various":[231],"related":[232],"measurements":[233],"have":[234],"reliable":[238],"sensitive":[240],"levels":[242],"intoxication.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
