{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016629539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1972.4309185","title":"National Goal Formation in a Time of Transition","display_name":"National Goal Formation in a Time of Transition","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016629539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1972.4309185","mag":"2016629539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1972.4309185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1972.4309185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000966336","display_name":"James D. Palmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879689382","display_name":"Metropolitan State University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/03mnxwj46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James D. Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metropolitan College, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metropolitan College, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059564934","display_name":"Harry M. Runyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096076","display_name":"Public Health Management Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00vade776","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096076"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry M. Runyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Management Corporation, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Management Corporation, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096076"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000966336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21930605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"SMC-2","issue":"5","first_page":"589","last_page":"594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.8114646673202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.68679279088974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.6797291040420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5508126616477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4362010061740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-economics","display_name":"Positive economics","score":0.37395620346069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3712846636772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3394400477409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3213225305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3203452229499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30376631021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.19144928455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.17516613006591797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.8114646673202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.68679279088974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6797291040420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5508126616477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4362010061740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.37395620346069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3712846636772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3394400477409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3213225305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3203452229499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30376631021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.19144928455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17516613006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.1972.4309185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1972.4309185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W590788508","https://openalex.org/W4235873430","https://openalex.org/W2611974471","https://openalex.org/W4313233093","https://openalex.org/W2358082531","https://openalex.org/W2589976903","https://openalex.org/W2347715279","https://openalex.org/W4250028228","https://openalex.org/W4288060051","https://openalex.org/W2376721163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discontinuous":[0],"change":[1,20,146,177],"of":[2,10,17,23,36,52,65,72,79,99,139,144,175,198,210],"institutions,":[3],"values,":[4],"concepts,":[5],"etc.":[6],"is":[7,76,125,147],"the":[8,11,15,21,30,63,66,77,94,100,137,150,173,196,207],"characteristic":[9],"world":[12],"today.":[13],"In":[14,34],"face":[16],"this":[18,115],"discontinuous":[19,145,176],"methods":[22],"goal":[24],"setting":[25],"remain":[26],"essentially":[27],"unchanged":[28],"in":[29,59,83,90,104,142,172,180],"traditional":[31],"steady-state":[32,130],"mold.":[33],"times":[35,143],"transition":[37,157],"such":[38],"as":[39],"now":[40],"we":[41,122],"must":[42],"be":[43,159],"able":[44],"to":[45,48,106,129,135,154,189,195,206,216,219],"learn":[46],"how":[47],"handle":[49],"large":[50],"quantities":[51],"unstructured":[53],"and":[54,81,102,108,183,193,201,215],"unfamiliar":[55],"information,":[56],"often":[57],"qualitative":[58],"nature,":[60],"which":[61],"exceeds":[62],"capacity":[64],"unaided":[67],"human":[68],"mind.":[69],"The":[70,169],"hallmark":[71],"our":[73,85],"present":[74],"society":[75],"success":[78],"science":[80,107],"technology":[82],"meeting":[84],"dated":[86],"social":[87],"goal.":[88],"This,":[89],"turn,":[91],"has":[92,117],"caused":[93],"absolute":[95],"need":[96],"for":[97,114],"reexamination":[98,116],"values":[101,191],"goals":[103],"relationship":[105],"technology.":[109],"Yet,":[110],"no":[111],"new":[112,199],"guide":[113],"yet":[118],"been":[119],"proposed.":[120],"What":[121],"offer":[123],"here":[124],"a":[126],"viable":[127],"alternative":[128],"resolutions-transition":[131],"management.":[132],"This":[133,204],"approach":[134],"resolving":[136],"issues":[138],"value":[140,164,202,213],"differences":[141,165],"based":[148],"on":[149],"premise":[151],"that":[152],"solutions":[153,218],"problems":[155],"during":[156],"can":[158],"attained":[160],"effectively":[161],"only":[162],"if":[163],"are":[166],"made":[167],"explicit.":[168],"major":[170],"elements":[171],"management":[174],"require":[178],"skills":[179,187],"supportive":[181],"confrontation":[182],"conceptual":[184],"mapping.":[185],"These":[186],"lead":[188],"making":[190],"explicit":[192],"then":[194],"development":[197],"insights":[200],"relationships.":[203],"leads":[205],"cognitive":[208],"reformation":[209],"previously":[211],"held":[212],"patterns":[214],"emergent":[217],"otherwise":[220],"insoluble":[221],"conflicts.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}