{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321195244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsipn.2023.3244112","title":"Tackling Over-Smoothing in Graph Convolutional Networks With EM-Based Joint Topology Optimization and Node Classification","display_name":"Tackling Over-Smoothing in Graph Convolutional Networks With EM-Based Joint Topology Optimization and Node Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321195244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsipn.2023.3244112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsipn.2023.3244112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsipn.2023.3244112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422866","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks","issn_l":"2373-776X","issn":["2373-776X","2373-7778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614868","display_name":"Rui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-584X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-584X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045342512","display_name":"Wenrui Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenrui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675587","display_name":"Chenglin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016006337","display_name":"Junni Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-9880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junni Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-9880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002494284","display_name":"Hongkai Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkai Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93168296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"123","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10269","display_name":"Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6804772615432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjacency-matrix","display_name":"Adjacency matrix","score":0.5534635782241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-block-model","display_name":"Stochastic block model","score":0.48163098096847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47090673446655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-graph-theory","display_name":"Topological graph theory","score":0.4678512215614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4674473702907562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4664767384529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.46099260449409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.43699273467063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4311652183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3592407703399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3554152250289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.25660306215286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.197516530752182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-graph","display_name":"Voltage graph","score":0.13201501965522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-graph","display_name":"Line graph","score":0.10362577438354492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6804772615432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180356752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727035","display_name":"Adjacency matrix","level":3,"score":0.5534635782241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053762","display_name":"Stochastic block model","level":3,"score":0.48163098096847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47090673446655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157406716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115842","display_name":"Topological graph theory","level":5,"score":0.4678512215614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4674473702907562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4664767384529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46099260449409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.43699273467063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4311652183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3592407703399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3554152250289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.25660306215286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.197516530752182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22149727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940747","display_name":"Voltage graph","level":4,"score":0.13201501965522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.10362577438354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsipn.2023.3244112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsipn.2023.3244112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422866","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks","issn_l":"2373-776X","issn":["2373-776X","2373-7778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3164072223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62250055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3425091141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3438946646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61932022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3628871441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61720106001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4936292138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2122024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G510744082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5326461368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6094063813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6393920532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7123918047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62120106007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8700549466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W2027731328","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2102907934","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2153959628","https://openalex.org/W2162630660","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2234017497","https://openalex.org/W2558460151","https://openalex.org/W2567948266","https://openalex.org/W2607500032","https://openalex.org/W2787640683","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2950697450","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963456618","https://openalex.org/W2964051675","https://openalex.org/W2964568038","https://openalex.org/W2964915865","https://openalex.org/W2966398094","https://openalex.org/W2990045899","https://openalex.org/W2997799485","https://openalex.org/W2998324911","https://openalex.org/W2998496395","https://openalex.org/W3035739162","https://openalex.org/W3036527662","https://openalex.org/W3042770487","https://openalex.org/W3081203761","https://openalex.org/W3099375322","https://openalex.org/W3099414221","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3100984977","https://openalex.org/W3134526511","https://openalex.org/W3153206160","https://openalex.org/W3158801192","https://openalex.org/W3197341760","https://openalex.org/W3209520664","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W6602764823","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6676960186","https://openalex.org/W6685350579","https://openalex.org/W6689781899","https://openalex.org/W6713578759","https://openalex.org/W6713582119","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6729448088","https://openalex.org/W6730084236","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6746015598","https://openalex.org/W6746313456","https://openalex.org/W6748799445","https://openalex.org/W6751660789","https://openalex.org/W6752110883","https://openalex.org/W6754578491","https://openalex.org/W6755863455","https://openalex.org/W6756561102","https://openalex.org/W6760001035","https://openalex.org/W6760886919","https://openalex.org/W6761852987","https://openalex.org/W6762443547","https://openalex.org/W6762445188","https://openalex.org/W6762518954","https://openalex.org/W6766892243","https://openalex.org/W6767998753","https://openalex.org/W6768314895","https://openalex.org/W6770064641","https://openalex.org/W6771536047","https://openalex.org/W6771709057","https://openalex.org/W6771932116","https://openalex.org/W6772384842","https://openalex.org/W6775054590","https://openalex.org/W6779202901","https://openalex.org/W6779462361","https://openalex.org/W6779477267","https://openalex.org/W6779961489","https://openalex.org/W6784998633","https://openalex.org/W6788662357","https://openalex.org/W6798157537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3168808485","https://openalex.org/W3017750840","https://openalex.org/W2951132354","https://openalex.org/W3131325596","https://openalex.org/W4389500888","https://openalex.org/W4353007686","https://openalex.org/W4296561125","https://openalex.org/W4377019474","https://openalex.org/W1872749931","https://openalex.org/W4287079127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over-smoothing":[0],"has":[1],"emerged":[2],"as":[3,25],"a":[4,74,110,141,195],"severe":[5],"obstacle":[6],"to":[7,63,79,90,156],"node":[8,99,149,154,176,234],"classification":[9,191],"with":[10,109,210],"message":[11,26],"passing":[12,27],"based":[13,182],"graph":[14,32,142,169,186,231],"convolutional":[15],"networks":[16],"(GCNs).":[17],"Classification":[18],"performance":[19],"dramatically":[20],"deteriorates":[21],"for":[22,53,101,188,207,226],"deep":[23],"GCNs,":[24],"over":[28],"the":[29,41,58,85,105,132,137,148,158,162,168,172,184,189],"observed":[30,133],"noisy":[31,134],"topology":[33,50,94,187,211,232],"cannot":[34,55],"adequately":[35],"propagate":[36],"intra-class":[37,125],"information":[38],"and":[39,96,121,127,166,197,204,217,229],"over-mix":[40],"features":[42],"of":[43,161],"nodes":[44,65],"from":[45,66,153],"different":[46,67],"communities":[47],"(classes).":[48],"Existing":[49],"optimization":[51,95],"methods":[52],"GCNs":[54,181,206],"sufficiently":[56],"exploit":[57],"underlying":[59,106],"ground-truth":[60],"community":[61,107],"structure":[62,108],"distinguish":[64],"communities.":[68],"In":[69,136,171],"this":[70,81],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"novel":[75],"method,":[76],"termed":[77],"EM-GCN,":[78],"address":[80],"issue":[82],"by":[83,115],"employing":[84],"Expectation":[86],"Maximization":[87],"(EM)":[88],"algorithm":[89],"simultaneously":[91],"achieve":[92],"community-enhanced":[93],"learn":[97],"desirable":[98],"representations":[100,177],"classification.":[102,235],"EM-GCN":[103,193,222],"represents":[104],"latent":[111,163],"adjacency":[112,164],"matrix":[113,165],"parameterized":[114],"an":[116],"assortative-constrained":[117],"stochastic":[118],"block":[119],"model,":[120],"consequently,":[122],"explicitly":[123],"enhances":[124],"connection":[126],"suppresses":[128],"inter-class":[129],"interaction":[130],"in":[131,233],"graph.":[135],"inference":[138,143],"procedure":[139,174],"(E-step),":[140],"model":[144],"shared":[145],"across":[146],"all":[147],"pairs":[150],"is":[151,194],"learned":[152,179],"embeddings":[155],"approximate":[157,202],"posterior":[159,203],"distribution":[160],"optimize":[167],"topology.":[170],"learning":[173],"(M-step),":[175],"are":[178],"using":[180],"on":[183,215],"refined":[185],"downstream":[190],"task.":[192],"general":[196],"flexible":[198],"method":[199],"that":[200,221],"leverages":[201],"arbitrary":[205],"overcoming":[208],"over-smoothing":[209,228],"optimization.":[212],"Experimental":[213],"results":[214],"synthetic":[216],"real-world":[218],"datasets":[219],"demonstrate":[220],"outperforms":[223],"existing":[224],"strategies":[225],"tackling":[227],"optimizing":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}