{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127352428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3660950","title":"CarbonGPT: Meta Causal Graph-Enhanced Large Language Models for Carbon Emission Forecasting in Large-Scale Power Distribution Networks","display_name":"CarbonGPT: Meta Causal Graph-Enhanced Large Language Models for Carbon Emission Forecasting in Large-Scale Power Distribution Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127352428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3660950"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2026.3660950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3660950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124925228","display_name":"Shijie Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2320-2791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124970914","display_name":"Jiajun Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5576-7678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078266720","display_name":"Haoqin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoqin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3940-2159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016974124","display_name":"Wenhu Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-2355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124873582","display_name":"Ying Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-7515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124971093","display_name":"Huaiguang Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaiguang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-3085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9116473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"2797","last_page":"2809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5705999732017517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5705999732017517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.21389999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5105000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.323199987411499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5105000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2026.3660950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3660950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41306930780410767,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2422440863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFE0206200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Carbon":[0],"emission":[1,57,70],"reduction":[2],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,17],"a":[6,108,117,128],"global":[7],"core":[8],"development":[9],"objective,":[10],"where":[11],"dynamic":[12],"carbon":[13,30,56,69,141],"flow":[14],"perception":[15],"serves":[16],"the":[18,25,42,81,138],"critical":[19],"foundation":[20],"for":[21,54,72],"low-carbon":[22],"dispatch.":[23],"However,":[24],"electrification":[26],"shift":[27],"of":[28,140,160],"transportation":[29],"emissions":[31],"caused":[32],"by":[33,94,144],"large-scale":[34,158],"electric":[35],"vehicle":[36],"(EV)":[37],"grid":[38,43,150],"integration,":[39],"coupled":[40],"with":[41],"impact":[44],"from":[45,86],"renewable":[46],"energy":[47],"source":[48],"(RES)":[49],"volatility,":[50],"poses":[51],"unprecedented":[52],"challenges":[53],"accurate":[55],"prediction.":[58],"Although":[59],"adaptive":[60,88],"graphs":[61],"and":[62,100,133,148,162,176],"large":[63],"language":[64],"models":[65],"(LLMs)":[66],"can":[67],"achieve":[68],"prediction":[71,174],"power":[73],"distribution":[74],"networks":[75],"(PDNs)":[76],"under":[77,157],"data":[78],"sparsity":[79],"scenarios,":[80],"spurious":[82],"cross-variable":[83,123],"correlations":[84],"derived":[85],"their":[87],"topologies":[89],"tend":[90],"to":[91,120,136],"be":[92],"amplified":[93],"LLMs,":[95],"consequently":[96],"constraining":[97],"model":[98,110,115],"learning":[99],"reasoning":[101],"capabilities.":[102],"To":[103],"address":[104],"this,":[105],"we":[106],"propose":[107],"novel":[109],"named":[111],"CarbonGPT.":[112],"This":[113],"innovative":[114],"employs":[116],"causal":[118,124,130],"encoder":[119],"uncover":[121],"genuine":[122],"relationships,":[125],"while":[126],"incorporating":[127],"meta":[129],"graph":[131],"dictionary":[132],"lightweight":[134],"alignment":[135],"enhance":[137],"comprehension":[139],"feature":[142],"representations":[143],"LLMs":[145],"in":[146,155,172],"EV":[147],"RES":[149],"integration":[151,159],"scenarios.":[152],"Extensive":[153],"simulations":[154],"PDNs":[156],"EVs":[161],"RESs":[163],"have":[164],"demonstrated":[165],"that":[166],"CarbonGPT":[167],"consistently":[168],"achieves":[169],"state-of-the-art":[170],"performance":[171],"both":[173],"accuracy":[175],"effectiveness.":[177],"Codes":[178],"are":[179],"available":[180],"at":[181],"https://github.com/lishijie15/CarbonGPT.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}
