{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123342711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3651247","title":"Quasi-Combinatorial Microgrid Energy Optimization Using Secure Affine-Based Blind Quantum Computing","display_name":"Quasi-Combinatorial Microgrid Energy Optimization Using Secure Affine-Based Blind Quantum Computing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123342711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3651247"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2026.3651247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3651247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037048914","display_name":"Xutao Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-9082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xutao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-9082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122870515","display_name":"Zhiyi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-8005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101588851","display_name":"Yue Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-4331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075428418","display_name":"Xin Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-541X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Yantai Power Supply Company, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Yantai Power Supply Company, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023424018","display_name":"Chongyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-8503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-8503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122878985","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05784197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"2117","last_page":"2130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7664999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7664999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.031199999153614044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.025699999183416367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-unconstrained-binary-optimization","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","score":0.4131999909877777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6988999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177179195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268372","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","level":4,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2026.3651247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2026.3651247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7742822636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52477132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"computing":[1,45,83],"possesses":[2],"unique":[3],"superiority":[4],"in":[5,10,90],"complicated":[6],"energy":[7,21,50],"optimization,":[8],"especially":[9],"cases":[11],"of":[12,54,108,124,154,162],"microgrids":[13],"with":[14,144,165],"diverse":[15],"discrete":[16],"resources":[17,32],"that":[18,29],"renders":[19],"corresponding":[20,129],"optimization":[22,51,100],"problems":[23,53,69],"represents":[24],"a":[25,71,77],"quasi-combinatorial":[26,49],"nature.":[27],"Given":[28],"limited":[30],"quantum":[31,44,72,82],"are":[33],"currently":[34],"available":[35],"as":[36],"cloud":[37,73],"services,":[38],"we":[39,57,102],"propose":[40],"an":[41],"affine-based":[42],"blind":[43,81],"method":[46,157],"for":[47,114],"outsourcing":[48,66],"(QCEO)":[52],"microgrids.":[55],"First,":[56],"reveal":[58],"the":[59,91,104,109,125,139,150,155,160],"privacy":[60,166],"disclosure":[61],"issue":[62],"posed":[63],"by":[64,138],"directly":[65],"local":[67,163],"QCEO":[68,95,164],"to":[70,85,96,130,158],"platform":[74],"and":[75,79,112,117,152],"design":[76],"cost-effective":[78],"easy-to-implement":[80],"scheme":[84],"preserve":[86],"privacy-related":[87],"details.":[88],"Next,":[89],"reformulation":[92],"process":[93],"from":[94],"quadratic":[97],"unconstrained":[98],"binary":[99,118],"(QUBO),":[101],"customize":[103],"secret":[105,141],"keys":[106],"composed":[107],"coefficient":[110],"matrices":[111],"vectors":[113],"affine":[115],"transformation":[116],"expansion.":[119],"The":[120],"poor":[121],"network":[122],"structure":[123],"original":[126],"Ising":[127],"model":[128],"ill-conditioned":[131],"unencrypted":[132],"QUBO":[133],"is":[134],"optimized":[135],"while":[136],"encrypting":[137],"customized":[140],"keys.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"microgrid":[145],"application,":[146],"numerical":[147],"experiments":[148],"verify":[149],"effectiveness":[151],"scalability":[153],"proposed":[156],"accelerate":[159],"decision-making":[161],"preservation.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T06:14:38.165362","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}