{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416294420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3631276","title":"A Novel Fault Location Method for Unbalanced Active Distribution Networks With Sparse Hybrid Measurements","display_name":"A Novel Fault Location Method for Unbalanced Active Distribution Networks With Sparse Hybrid Measurements","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416294420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3631276"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3631276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3631276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Honglei Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honglei Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026570441","display_name":"Cong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-2779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-2779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052277806","display_name":"L. He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-0838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-0838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080925435","display_name":"Jiayong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-5796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065810347","display_name":"Lipeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lipeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-9064","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043244445","display_name":"Quan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-4708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-4708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091741304","display_name":"Zhikang Shuai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-2722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikang Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-2722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Electric Power Emergency Technology, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and High-Quality Conversion for Electric Power, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101976746","display_name":"Xianda Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5130-4651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094030","display_name":"Ansteel (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sgtyj59","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianda Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning Rongxin Xingye Power Technology Company Ltd., Anshan, China","Liaoning Rongxin Xingye Power Technology Co, Ltd, Anshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning Rongxin Xingye Power Technology Company Ltd., Anshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning Rongxin Xingye Power Technology Co, Ltd, Anshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8176583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"1056","last_page":"1068"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.8805999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.8805999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.05469999834895134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6967999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-indicator","display_name":"Fault indicator","score":0.6776999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stuck-at-fault","display_name":"Stuck-at fault","score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-model","display_name":"Fault model","score":0.4023999869823456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6967999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21267803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438159","display_name":"Fault indicator","level":4,"score":0.6776999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13625343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627418","display_name":"Stuck-at fault","level":4,"score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46650001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167391956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401211","display_name":"Fault model","level":3,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3631276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3631276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G154593762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZD0800600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1591348101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025JK2082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330214","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2578998726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52125705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4084286193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52477090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6055133736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52377184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G717850676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52307201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330214","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"fault":[1,19,50,74,89,106,163,166],"location":[2,20,51,107,167],"approaches":[3],"necessitate":[4],"the":[5,81,84,87,121,130,141,165],"deployment":[6],"of":[7,86,144],"micro-phasor":[8],"measurement":[9,58,155],"units":[10],"(\u03bcPMUs)":[11],"at":[12],"all":[13],"terminal":[14],"buses":[15],"to":[16,25,111,140],"achieve":[17],"precise":[18],"on":[21,54,64,95,115,149],"any":[22,116,150],"line,":[23,151],"leading":[24],"high":[26],"costs":[27],"and":[28,80,137,176],"limited":[29],"applicability":[30],"in":[31],"large,":[32],"unbalanced":[33,122],"active":[34],"distribution":[35],"networks":[36],"(ADNs)":[37],"with":[38,66,127],"numerous":[39,128],"branches.":[40,179],"To":[41],"address":[42],"this":[43,45],"issue,":[44],"paper":[46],"proposes":[47],"a":[48,55,72,98,104],"cost-effective":[49],"method":[52,77,108,132],"based":[53],"sparse":[56,73,88],"hybrid":[57],"scheme":[59],"(SHMS),":[60],"which":[61],"replaces":[62],"\u03bcPMUs":[63,136],"branches":[65],"conventional":[67,142],"measuring":[68],"devices":[69],"(CMDs).":[70],"First,":[71],"current":[75,90],"extraction":[76],"is":[78,101,109],"proposed,":[79],"conditions":[82],"for":[83,172,178],"uniqueness":[85],"solution":[91],"are":[92],"provided.":[93],"Building":[94],"these":[96],"results,":[97],"low-cost":[99],"SHMS":[100],"proposed.":[102],"Finally,":[103],"two-stage":[105],"presented":[110],"precisely":[112],"locate":[113,147],"faults":[114,148],"line":[117],"within":[118],"ADNs.":[119],"For":[120],"IEEE":[123],"123-bus":[124],"test":[125],"system":[126],"branches,":[129],"proposed":[131],"requires":[133],"only":[134],"13":[135],"32":[138],"CMDs\u2014compared":[139],"requirement":[143],"45":[145],"\u03bcPMUs\u2014to":[146],"thereby":[152],"significantly":[153],"reducing":[154],"costs.":[156],"Simulation":[157],"results":[158],"indicate":[159],"that,":[160],"under":[161],"diverse":[162],"conditions,":[164],"success":[168],"rate":[169],"reaches":[170],"98.30%":[171],"three-phase":[173],"main":[174],"lines":[175],"96.16%":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}