{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413926049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605526","title":"DeepLR: Deep Learning Assisted Load Redistribution Attack on Cyber-Physical Power System","display_name":"DeepLR: Deep Learning Assisted Load Redistribution Attack on Cyber-Physical Power System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413926049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3605526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068605603","display_name":"Praveen Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-4375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-4375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033329960","display_name":"Pallab Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-8154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pallab Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-8154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022432777","display_name":"Chandan Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-3552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandan Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-3552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24759915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"551","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redistribution","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","score":0.7795510292053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7186578512191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5636662244796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.45540672540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45161935687065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.40821895003318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11016997694969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09528151154518127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.7795510292053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7186578512191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5636662244796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.45540672540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45161935687065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40821895003318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11016997694969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09528151154518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3605526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991512526","https://openalex.org/W2001019870","https://openalex.org/W2060542593","https://openalex.org/W2547021859","https://openalex.org/W2614367549","https://openalex.org/W2735517404","https://openalex.org/W2896800764","https://openalex.org/W3007785130","https://openalex.org/W3012556959","https://openalex.org/W3041410322","https://openalex.org/W3088315405","https://openalex.org/W3121888262","https://openalex.org/W3158121127","https://openalex.org/W3193629284","https://openalex.org/W4205950470","https://openalex.org/W4210261976","https://openalex.org/W4214900396","https://openalex.org/W4225613947","https://openalex.org/W4285144705","https://openalex.org/W4310450838","https://openalex.org/W4318959461","https://openalex.org/W4360993610","https://openalex.org/W4362501405","https://openalex.org/W4375929042","https://openalex.org/W4377968465","https://openalex.org/W4387058720","https://openalex.org/W4389722810","https://openalex.org/W4390659387","https://openalex.org/W4393379202","https://openalex.org/W4404485027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W2080866340","https://openalex.org/W2519031001","https://openalex.org/W2002725676","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W3125527999","https://openalex.org/W2068888481","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2394387065","https://openalex.org/W2209427229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,21,73,153],"work,":[2],"we":[3,123,170],"propose":[4,124],"DeepLR,":[5,76],"a":[6,77,96,109,125,130,148,205],"data-driven":[7,126],"Load":[8],"Redistribution":[9],"(LR)":[10],"attack":[11,18,43,71,82,93,106,168,180],"model":[12,83],"on":[13,51,115,146,209,215],"cyber-physical":[14],"power":[15],"systems.":[16],"Prior":[17],"models":[19],"in":[20,64,95,120,190,204],"domain":[22],"are":[23],"fundamentally":[24],"inadequate,":[25],"as":[26],"they":[27],"fail":[28],"to":[29,36,60,85,128,143,186],"address":[30,86],"or":[31],"offer":[32],"only":[33],"partial/isolated":[34],"solutions":[35],"the":[37,58,65,103,157,195,216,222,228,231],"three":[38,88],"critical":[39,89,173],"challenges":[40,90],"of":[41,91,150,230],"effective":[42,92],"modeling:":[44],"(i)":[45,175],"high":[46],"computation":[47],"time,":[48],"(ii)":[49,193],"reliance":[50,114],"confidential":[52,116,187],"(complete/partial)":[53,117],"topology":[54,118,188],"information,":[55],"and":[56,138,163,192,221],"(iii)":[57],"need":[59],"manipulate":[61],"all":[62],"loads":[63,151],"grid.":[66,159],"Significantly":[67],"diverging":[68],"from":[69],"prior":[70,167],"models,":[72,169],"paper":[74],"presents":[75],"Deep":[78],"Learning":[79],"(DL)":[80],"assisted":[81],"designed":[84],"these":[87],"modeling":[94],"single":[97],"unified":[98],"framework.":[99],"We":[100],"first":[101],"reformulate":[102],"conventional":[104],"LR":[105,179],"problem":[107],"into":[108],"DL":[110],"formulation,":[111],"thereby":[112],"eliminating":[113],"information":[119,189],"real-time.":[121],"Second,":[122],"approach":[127],"identify":[129],"potential":[131],"attacking":[132,197],"region":[133,154],"(characterized":[134],"by":[135],"fewer":[136,201],"lines":[137],"loads),":[139],"which":[140],"enables":[141],"attackers":[142],"focus":[144],"exclusively":[145],"manipulating":[147],"subset":[149],"within":[152],"rather":[155],"than":[156],"entire":[158],"Through":[160],"numerical":[161],"experiments":[162],"comparative":[164],"analysis":[165],"with":[166,200],"demonstrate":[171],"two":[172],"findings:":[174],"an":[176],"equally":[177],"potent":[178],"can":[181],"be":[182],"constructed":[183],"without":[184],"access":[185],"real-time,":[191],"targeting":[194],"identified":[196],"region,":[198],"even":[199],"manipulations,":[202],"results":[203],"more":[206],"severe":[207],"impact":[208],"grid":[210],"operations.":[211],"The":[212],"case":[213],"study":[214],"IEEE":[217,223],"14":[218],"bus":[219,225],"system":[220,226],"39":[224],"demonstrates":[227],"efficacy":[229],"proposed":[232],"DeepLR":[233],"approach.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
