{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413926050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605202","title":"Performance-Integrated Virtual Power Plant Management in the Frequency Regulation Market","display_name":"Performance-Integrated Virtual Power Plant Management in the Frequency Regulation Market","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413926050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3605202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052509277","display_name":"Mingyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5547-1033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5547-1033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007309729","display_name":"Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-5546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","School of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-5546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101870618","display_name":"Jiahao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-3034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-3034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764495","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-0666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-0666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80358297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"5111","last_page":"5127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9448999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9448999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.930899977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plant","display_name":"Virtual power plant","score":0.6049540042877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4186646342277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.4167342782020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-power","display_name":"Market power","score":0.41071152687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.396244078874588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3729839324951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3684501051902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.358358770608902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3562946319580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3339231014251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3234308362007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.2783391773700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.13096925616264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12261950969696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.1089026927947998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785102","display_name":"Virtual power plant","level":4,"score":0.6049540042877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4186646342277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.4167342782020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775881736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274157","display_name":"Market power","level":3,"score":0.41071152687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.396244078874588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3729839324951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3684501051902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.358358770608902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3562946319580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3339231014251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3234308362007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2783391773700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.13096925616264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12261950969696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.1089026927947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3605202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3605202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2299520827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515011266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4138836484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFE0141200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4252659043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515011266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983281982","https://openalex.org/W2042454807","https://openalex.org/W2512109574","https://openalex.org/W2562255010","https://openalex.org/W2570892890","https://openalex.org/W2613262164","https://openalex.org/W2738401044","https://openalex.org/W2887611898","https://openalex.org/W2897132383","https://openalex.org/W2985035178","https://openalex.org/W2989606762","https://openalex.org/W3047644414","https://openalex.org/W3127487792","https://openalex.org/W3169511960","https://openalex.org/W3190710615","https://openalex.org/W4206598774","https://openalex.org/W4220761982","https://openalex.org/W4251391716","https://openalex.org/W4288391240","https://openalex.org/W4312301327","https://openalex.org/W4312426689","https://openalex.org/W4312695648","https://openalex.org/W4320713148","https://openalex.org/W4323338482","https://openalex.org/W4324290961","https://openalex.org/W4376456417","https://openalex.org/W4387986451","https://openalex.org/W4388692287","https://openalex.org/W4389636023","https://openalex.org/W4391341671","https://openalex.org/W4393285815","https://openalex.org/W4393864419","https://openalex.org/W4402989234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408673470","https://openalex.org/W2182371878","https://openalex.org/W2782634112","https://openalex.org/W3123715498","https://openalex.org/W3122185922","https://openalex.org/W3122276276","https://openalex.org/W3125198022","https://openalex.org/W1605997627","https://openalex.org/W3167394125","https://openalex.org/W2144630958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Renewable":[0],"integration":[1,115],"in":[2,48,81,109,128,133],"power":[3,41],"systems":[4],"causes":[5],"a":[6,39,45,67,72,101,152],"surge":[7],"of":[8,17,78,116,181],"frequency":[9,33,50,83,119],"fluctuations,":[10],"primarily":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,74],"the":[14,49,61,76,82,89,93,114,117,123,129,134,137,144,157,168,175,182,192],"intermittent":[15],"nature":[16],"renewable":[18],"energy.":[19],"To":[20],"address":[21],"this":[22,161],"challenge,":[23],"distributed":[24],"energy":[25],"resources":[26],"(DERs)":[27],"pave":[28],"one":[29],"promising":[30],"way":[31],"for":[32,58,71],"regulation":[34,51,54,84,90,120],"by":[35,172],"their":[36],"aggregation":[37,124,135,154],"as":[38],"virtual":[40],"plant":[42],"(VPP).":[43],"For":[44],"VPP":[46,73,130],"participating":[47],"market,":[52],"its":[53],"performance":[55,91,121],"is":[56,97,149,185],"critical":[57],"interaction":[59],"with":[60,143],"system":[62],"operator.":[63],"This":[64,112],"paper":[65],"explores":[66],"performance-integrated":[68],"management":[69],"scheme":[70],"optimize":[75],"utilization":[77],"heterogeneous":[79,159],"DERs":[80],"market.":[85],"The":[86,179],"relationship":[87],"between":[88],"and":[92,125,147],"DER":[94,177,189],"reserve":[95],"portfolio":[96],"first":[98],"revealed":[99],"through":[100,151],"data-driven":[102],"method,":[103],"which":[104],"has":[105],"rarely":[106],"been":[107],"studied":[108],"current":[110],"work.":[111],"facilitates":[113],"mapped":[118],"into":[122],"disaggregation":[126],"processes":[127],"management.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"process,":[136],"VPP\u2019s":[138],"feasible":[139],"operation":[140],"region":[141],"associated":[142],"high-dimensional":[145],"variables":[146],"constraints":[148],"characterized":[150],"cluster-based":[153],"method.":[155],"Given":[156],"massive":[158],"DERs,":[160],"proposed":[162,183],"method":[163],"ensures":[164],"satisfactory":[165],"accuracy":[166],"within":[167],"reduced":[169],"computation":[170],"time":[171],"efficiently":[173],"capturing":[174],"representative":[176],"characteristics.":[178],"effectiveness":[180],"methods":[184],"verified":[186],"using":[187],"real-world":[188],"data":[190],"from":[191],"Dataport":[193],"database.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
