{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413349461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3601021","title":"Mutual Information-Enhanced NARX-NN Digital Twins for Power Electronics in Smart Grid Applications","display_name":"Mutual Information-Enhanced NARX-NN Digital Twins for Power Electronics in Smart Grid Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413349461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3601021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3601021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3601021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018602751","display_name":"Rados\u0142aw Nalepa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-0261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rados\u0142aw Nalepa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Politechnika Wroclawska, Wroclaw, Poland","Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-0261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Politechnika Wroclawska, Wroclaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029989885","display_name":"Karol Najdek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-0009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karol Najdek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Politechnika Wroclawska, Wroclaw, Poland","Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-0009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Politechnika Wroclawska, Wroclaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Science and Technology, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018602751"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73473702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"4421","last_page":"4436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.8447999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.8447999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.7443000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.7310000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5676672458648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics","display_name":"Power electronics","score":0.5264003276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5013532638549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-autoregressive-exogenous-model","display_name":"Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model","score":0.49784040451049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4564388692378998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4234170615673065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4150039553642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.41345474123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38012415170669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3585888147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17911863327026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.15460720658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11763685941696167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5676672458648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.5264003276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5013532638549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42536954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049462","display_name":"Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model","level":3,"score":0.49784040451049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4564388692378998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4234170615673065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4150039553642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.41345474123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38012415170669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3585888147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17911863327026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.15460720658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11763685941696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3601021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3601021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521600671","https://openalex.org/W1549386224","https://openalex.org/W2031365860","https://openalex.org/W2062775555","https://openalex.org/W2134383471","https://openalex.org/W2408502140","https://openalex.org/W2586047144","https://openalex.org/W2610580279","https://openalex.org/W2889032177","https://openalex.org/W2911469887","https://openalex.org/W2959657769","https://openalex.org/W3095623562","https://openalex.org/W3132985895","https://openalex.org/W3162811004","https://openalex.org/W3185823006","https://openalex.org/W3194471921","https://openalex.org/W3201530360","https://openalex.org/W4293094387","https://openalex.org/W4319996387","https://openalex.org/W4365128697","https://openalex.org/W4379382598","https://openalex.org/W4380881810","https://openalex.org/W4380995076","https://openalex.org/W4384917007","https://openalex.org/W4386453649","https://openalex.org/W4389104811","https://openalex.org/W4390417007","https://openalex.org/W4396904698","https://openalex.org/W4401070380","https://openalex.org/W4402260162","https://openalex.org/W4402353213","https://openalex.org/W4403759950","https://openalex.org/W4404317179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606910468","https://openalex.org/W2734185189","https://openalex.org/W2799656149","https://openalex.org/W4382361623","https://openalex.org/W2981300935","https://openalex.org/W1545859685","https://openalex.org/W2964588166","https://openalex.org/W2371970260","https://openalex.org/W2492373545","https://openalex.org/W2228554074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,23,109,170],"systematic":[4],"and":[5,75,86,104,116,120,138,166,188],"innovative":[6],"data\u2013driven":[7],"framework":[8],"for":[9],"constructing":[10],"Mutual":[11],"Information\u2013enhanced":[12],"NARX\u2013NN":[13,101],"Digital":[14,36],"Twins":[15],"(DTs)":[16],"of":[17,40,49],"power":[18],"electronic":[19],"converters,":[20],"demonstrated":[21],"on":[22,108],"DC\u2013DC":[24],"boost":[25],"converter":[26],"in":[27,176],"continuous":[28],"conduction":[29],"mode":[30],"under":[31,135],"closed\u2013loop":[32],"voltage":[33,121],"control.":[34],"A":[35],"Twin":[37],"Instance":[38],"(DTI)":[39],"the":[41,96,129,133,142],"inductance":[42],"current":[43],"is":[44,55],"built":[45],"via":[46,84,155],"time\u2013delay":[47],"embedding":[48,98],"hidden":[50],"dynamic":[51],"attractors.":[52],"Sampling":[53],"frequency":[54,143],"optimized":[56],"using":[57],"self\u2013Mutual":[58],"Average":[59],"Information":[60],"(sMAI)":[61],"to":[62,125,146,162,169],"capture":[63],"intra\u2013cycle":[64],"Pulse":[65],"Width":[66],"Modulation":[67],"(PWM)":[68],"dynamics.":[69],"Input":[70],"preselection":[71],"uses":[72],"correlation":[73],"analysis":[74],"Variance":[76],"Inflation":[77],"Factor":[78],"(VIF),":[79],"followed":[80],"by":[81],"delay":[82],"assignment":[83],"sMAI":[85],"cross-MAI":[87],"(cMAI).":[88],"The":[89,180],"False":[90],"Nearest":[91],"Neighbours":[92],"(FNN)":[93],"criterion":[94],"determines":[95],"minimal":[97],"dimension.":[99],"Two":[100],"configurations":[102],"(4D":[103],"5D)":[105],"are":[106,123,183],"trained":[107],"high\u2013fidelity":[110],"MATLAB\u2013Simulink":[111],"model":[112,131],"including":[113],"parasitics,":[114],"filtering,":[115],"non\u2013idealities.":[117],"Although":[118],"thermal":[119],"variations":[122],"excluded":[124],"isolate":[126],"modelling":[127],"effects,":[128],"5D":[130],"outperforms":[132],"4D":[134],"both":[136],"nominal":[137],"perturbed":[139],"loads.":[140],"In":[141],"domain":[144],"(up":[145],"50":[147],"kHz),":[148],"it":[149],"improves":[150],"amplitude":[151],"tracking.":[152],"Experimental":[153],"validation":[154],"offline":[156],"transfer":[157],"learning":[158],"reduces":[159],"steady\u2013state":[160],"error":[161],"approximately":[163],"\u00b1":[164],"1%":[165],"transient":[167],"errors":[168],"few":[171],"percent,":[172],"peaking":[173],"at":[174],"-13%":[175],"unseen":[177],"saturation":[178],"case.":[179],"resulting":[181],"DTIs":[182],"lightweight":[184],"(<1":[185],"GFLOPS),":[186],"delay-aware,":[187],"interpretable,":[189],"enabling":[190],"scalable":[191],"real\u2013time":[192],"integration":[193],"into":[194],"converter\u2013centric":[195],"smart":[196],"grid":[197],"digital":[198],"twin":[199],"architectures":[200],"without":[201],"solving":[202],"differential":[203],"equations.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}