{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413125682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3596762","title":"A Tuning Friendly Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Inverter-Based Volt/Var Control","display_name":"A Tuning Friendly Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Inverter-Based Volt/Var Control","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413125682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3596762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3596762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3596762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065416724","display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-3595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-3595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082718598","display_name":"Cuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-339X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088975367","display_name":"Sinan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-2321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-2321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370161","display_name":"Jianguo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-4047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-4047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82087586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"5669","last_page":"5672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.8718000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.8718000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.7663000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12206","display_name":"Vibration and Dynamic Analysis","score":0.7657999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7338038682937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volt","display_name":"Volt","score":0.7157405614852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.6598571538925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.546371340751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5082942843437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5035366415977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4772346317768097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.4408630132675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.41883572936058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38634079694747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35305821895599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3080398142337799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27464422583580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24758467078208923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7338038682937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157985801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25250","display_name":"Volt","level":3,"score":0.7157405614852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.6598571538925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.546371340751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5082942843437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5035366415977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4772346317768097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.4408630132675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.41883572936058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38634079694747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35305821895599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3080398142337799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27464422583580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24758467078208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3596762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3596762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7039254879","display_name":"Robust Renewables Hosting Capacity Enhancement for Distribution Networks","funder_award_id":"DE240100059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970233907","https://openalex.org/W2087279961","https://openalex.org/W2785111396","https://openalex.org/W3131436982","https://openalex.org/W3188205635","https://openalex.org/W4294690983","https://openalex.org/W4315694891","https://openalex.org/W4389169347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631496728","https://openalex.org/W1990279587","https://openalex.org/W3214424855","https://openalex.org/W2138074085","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W1963909194","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"reinforcement":[1],"learning":[2],"(DRL)":[3],"methods":[4,26],"have":[5],"been":[6],"applied":[7,73],"to":[8,50,74,94],"power":[9,40],"system":[10,41],"problems":[11],"in":[12,59],"active":[13],"distribution":[14],"networks,":[15],"including":[16],"the":[17,60],"inverter-based":[18],"volt/var":[19],"control":[20],"(VVC).":[21],"However,":[22],"existing":[23],"DRL-based":[24],"VVC":[25],"require":[27],"hyperparameter":[28,95],"fine-tuning,":[29],"tailored":[30],"algorithm":[31],"selection":[32],"and":[33,64,79],"domain":[34],"expert":[35],"knowledge,":[36],"depending":[37],"on":[38],"various":[39],"characteristics.":[42],"This":[43],"letter":[44],"proposes":[45],"a":[46],"tuning-friendly":[47,90],"DRL":[48,61,85],"method":[49,71],"approach":[51],"optimal":[52],"training":[53,62],"performance,":[54],"employing":[55],"an":[56],"evolution":[57],"strategy":[58],"process":[63],"thus":[65],"enhancing":[66],"exploration":[67],"capability.":[68],"The":[69,87],"proposed":[70],"is":[72],"deep":[75],"deterministic":[76],"policy":[77],"gradient":[78],"soft":[80],"actor-critic,":[81],"two":[82],"widely":[83],"used":[84],"algorithms.":[86],"advantages":[88],"of":[89],"training,":[91],"i.e.,":[92],"insensitiveness":[93],"tuning,":[96],"are":[97],"validated":[98],"by":[99],"numerical":[100],"experiments.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
