{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412972660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3589997","title":"Multi-Length Dynamic Shapelets Approach for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring via Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"Multi-Length Dynamic Shapelets Approach for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring via Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412972660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3589997"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3589997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3589997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016928728","display_name":"Xiaohan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8582-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8582-5413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xianfa Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6868-2175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfa Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6868-2175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023397770","display_name":"Keke Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-4473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keke Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-4473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hanting Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0008-8334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanting Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0008-8334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060744041","display_name":"Yuan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-7129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-7129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062951448","display_name":"Tianhong Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-3937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-3937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016928728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09611445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"5156","last_page":"5169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9352999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9332000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6652075052261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6339223384857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5625295042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49890613555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.49190211296081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33668944239616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3284249007701874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6652075052261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6339223384857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5625295042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49890613555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.49190211296081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33668944239616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3284249007701874}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3589997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3589997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388326249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G607813698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62203008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7686861811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJ2021A0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335406","funder_display_name":"University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335406","display_name":"University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978371851","https://openalex.org/W1987544333","https://openalex.org/W2029438113","https://openalex.org/W2055499483","https://openalex.org/W2098859486","https://openalex.org/W2123502857","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2149224293","https://openalex.org/W2408079821","https://openalex.org/W2598527303","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2954752710","https://openalex.org/W2984698916","https://openalex.org/W2990424633","https://openalex.org/W2994699168","https://openalex.org/W2995194684","https://openalex.org/W2998424504","https://openalex.org/W3010208964","https://openalex.org/W3091761066","https://openalex.org/W3095472304","https://openalex.org/W3157538304","https://openalex.org/W3174424287","https://openalex.org/W3182116200","https://openalex.org/W4205552909","https://openalex.org/W4210962596","https://openalex.org/W4226154542","https://openalex.org/W4285114834","https://openalex.org/W4310078348","https://openalex.org/W4312687624","https://openalex.org/W4321021448","https://openalex.org/W4360930666","https://openalex.org/W4380303660","https://openalex.org/W4391011539","https://openalex.org/W4391848380","https://openalex.org/W4403510945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-intrusive":[0],"load":[1,31,72,130,159],"monitoring":[2],"(NILM),":[3],"offers":[4],"a":[5,65,87],"privacy-preserving,":[6],"real-time,":[7],"and":[8,99,118,136,154],"cost-effective":[9],"approach":[10],"to":[11,49,112,125],"perceive":[12],"power":[13],"consumption":[14],"patterns":[15],"of":[16,20,27,44,93,129,158],"appliances.":[17,105],"The":[18,33],"performance":[19,75],"NILM":[21,50,61],"heavily":[22],"relies":[23],"on":[24,134],"the":[25,41,127,141,150,156],"quality":[26],"features":[28,38,114],"extracted":[29],"from":[30],"profiles.":[32],"shapelets":[34,57,67,83,101,109,146],"method":[35,58,147],"captures":[36],"interpretable":[37],"that":[39,140],"represent":[40],"unique":[42],"characteristics":[43],"loads,":[45],"proving":[46],"highly":[47],"relevant":[48],"applications.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"work,":[54],"an":[55],"improved":[56],"for":[59,71],"event-based":[60],"is":[62],"proposed.":[63],"First,":[64],"multi-length":[66,144],"are":[68,84,110],"creatively":[69],"adopted":[70],"identification,":[73],"guaranteeing":[74],"with":[76,122],"low-frequency":[77],"or":[78],"limited":[79],"samples.":[80],"Additionally,":[81],"dynamic":[82,145],"obtained":[85],"using":[86],"generative":[88],"adversarial":[89],"networks":[90],"(GAN)":[91],"instead":[92],"traditional":[94],"search":[95],"methods,":[96],"ensuring":[97],"efficient":[98],"distinctive":[100],"generation":[102,152],"across":[103],"diverse":[104],"Then,":[106],"these":[107],"generated":[108],"converted":[111],"distance":[113],"via":[115],"shapelet":[116,151],"transform":[117],"fed":[119],"into":[120],"classifier":[121],"squeeze-and-excitation":[123],"network":[124],"enhance":[126],"accuracy":[128],"identification.":[131],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"COOLL":[135],"BLUED":[137],"datasets":[138],"demonstrate":[139],"proposed":[142],"GAN-based":[143],"significantly":[148],"optimizes":[149],"process":[153],"enhances":[155],"effectiveness":[157],"identification":[160],"in":[161],"NILM.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}