{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411143037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3575249","title":"A Lightweight Time-Adaptive Data-Driven Method for Detecting Multi-False Data Injection in Smart Meters","display_name":"A Lightweight Time-Adaptive Data-Driven Method for Detecting Multi-False Data Injection in Smart Meters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411143037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3575249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3575249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3575249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016833874","display_name":"Zhenyuan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6248-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Power Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Center for Power Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6248-5092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Power Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Center for Power Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065559812","display_name":"Ziming Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5303-4138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziming Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Power Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Center for Power Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5303-4138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Power Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Center for Power Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013947981","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-183X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Power Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Center for Power Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-183X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Power Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Center for Power Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71099615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"5144","last_page":"5155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5713936686515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4364815354347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4120190143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2704888880252838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17998293042182922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5713936686515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4364815354347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4120190143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2704888880252838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17998293042182922}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3575249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3575249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/218299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/218299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966534617","https://openalex.org/W2064111006","https://openalex.org/W2081681829","https://openalex.org/W2154663898","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2559280146","https://openalex.org/W2799757370","https://openalex.org/W2874851820","https://openalex.org/W2894817759","https://openalex.org/W2900706455","https://openalex.org/W2907922133","https://openalex.org/W2919785014","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W3013699008","https://openalex.org/W3039350342","https://openalex.org/W3042294216","https://openalex.org/W3044239919","https://openalex.org/W3044405156","https://openalex.org/W3045002271","https://openalex.org/W3046712409","https://openalex.org/W3100852571","https://openalex.org/W3125822518","https://openalex.org/W3173288445","https://openalex.org/W3173450677","https://openalex.org/W3193629284","https://openalex.org/W3210370643","https://openalex.org/W3213754160","https://openalex.org/W4206529781","https://openalex.org/W4226082183","https://openalex.org/W4292566458","https://openalex.org/W4308158032","https://openalex.org/W4310529625","https://openalex.org/W4315489350","https://openalex.org/W4360584206","https://openalex.org/W4366447460","https://openalex.org/W4386231460","https://openalex.org/W4395680634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"False":[0],"data":[1,78],"injection":[2],"attacks":[3],"(FDIA)":[4],"in":[5,172],"smart":[6],"meters":[7],"are":[8,14],"growing":[9],"concerns.":[10],"Conventional":[11],"detection":[12,47,121,148,175,187],"methods":[13],"difficult":[15],"to":[16,26,102,143,185],"be":[17,124],"deployed":[18],"on":[19,154],"resource-limited":[20],"edge":[21],"devices":[22],"and":[23,30,60,69,86,107,115,131,150,160,177],"insufficiently":[24],"adaptive":[25],"different":[27,95,186,191],"attack":[28,32,105],"scenarios":[29,188],"random":[31],"commencement":[33],"times.":[34],"To":[35,135],"address":[36],"these":[37],"issues,":[38],"this":[39],"paper":[40],"proposes":[41],"a":[42,50,61,70,89,99,116,155],"lightweight":[43,51],"time-adaptive":[44,100],"data-driven":[45],"FDIA":[46,53,113,164],"method.":[48],"First,":[49],"hybrid":[52],"detector":[54],"is":[55,79,109,141],"developed,":[56],"integrating":[57],"the":[58,137,167,180],"MobileNet":[59],"statistical":[62],"indicator":[63],"computing":[64],"block":[65],"for":[66,74],"features":[67],"extraction,":[68],"deep":[71],"learning":[72],"process":[73],"classification.":[75],"The":[76,120],"load":[77],"dimensionally":[80],"augmented":[81],"by":[82,189],"recurrence":[83],"plots":[84],"(RPs)":[85],"fed":[87],"into":[88],"series":[90],"of":[91,163,174],"detectors":[92,114],"operating":[93],"at":[94,126],"time":[96,130],"scales.":[97],"Then,":[98],"structure":[101],"accommodate":[103],"diverse":[104],"types":[106,162],"timing":[108],"designed,":[110],"comprising":[111],"multiple":[112],"credibility":[117],"evaluation":[118],"process.":[119],"decision":[122],"can":[123,183],"made":[125],"an":[127],"appropriately":[128],"early":[129],"with":[132,193],"high":[133],"accuracy.":[134,151],"optimize":[136],"overall":[138],"performance,":[139],"NSGA-II":[140],"used":[142],"search":[144],"trade-off":[145],"solutions":[146,192],"between":[147],"speed":[149],"Simulation":[152],"results":[153],"dataset":[156],"including":[157],"20":[158],"residents":[159],"eight":[161],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166],"proposed":[168,181],"method":[169,182],"outperforms":[170],"benchmarks":[171],"terms":[173],"accuracy":[176],"speed.":[178],"Moreover,":[179],"adapt":[184],"offering":[190],"balanced":[194],"speed-accuracy.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
