{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409985205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3564889","title":"Optimal PMU Placement via Quantum Optimization","display_name":"Optimal PMU Placement via Quantum Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409985205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3564889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3564889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3564889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuqi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2234-9018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","Pennsylvania State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2234-9018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043067670","display_name":"Zhiding Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-0165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiding Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-0165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042967962","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","Pennsylvania State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-1911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000042067","display_name":"Thomas Morstyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-9588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Morstyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-9588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93727523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"3125","last_page":"3141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7833999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7833999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5906118154525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.552568256855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4159829616546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2606356739997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0968056321144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.09395194053649902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5906118154525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.552568256855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4159829616546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2606356739997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0968056321144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09395194053649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2025.3564889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3564889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1909817247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OAC-2417773","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G416070041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OAC-2417773","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","funder_display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G794629063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-22-1-2504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/025kzpk63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178407265","https://openalex.org/W1589114377","https://openalex.org/W1966089070","https://openalex.org/W1967526191","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2019013791","https://openalex.org/W2030230833","https://openalex.org/W2032652586","https://openalex.org/W2032960059","https://openalex.org/W2063289945","https://openalex.org/W2071032068","https://openalex.org/W2102483020","https://openalex.org/W2105535413","https://openalex.org/W2105850102","https://openalex.org/W2116100905","https://openalex.org/W2123878675","https://openalex.org/W2133238120","https://openalex.org/W2140900554","https://openalex.org/W2147647602","https://openalex.org/W2151637991","https://openalex.org/W2155978258","https://openalex.org/W2163429332","https://openalex.org/W2164923505","https://openalex.org/W2230864361","https://openalex.org/W2281273319","https://openalex.org/W2317330621","https://openalex.org/W2323080628","https://openalex.org/W2330579332","https://openalex.org/W2472957579","https://openalex.org/W2526191216","https://openalex.org/W2534607862","https://openalex.org/W2588648471","https://openalex.org/W2605405270","https://openalex.org/W2614216270","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2891009036","https://openalex.org/W2903058119","https://openalex.org/W2906133437","https://openalex.org/W2914966552","https://openalex.org/W2917807404","https://openalex.org/W2942962312","https://openalex.org/W2951211905","https://openalex.org/W2963328442","https://openalex.org/W2963757591","https://openalex.org/W2965926346","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W3026928397","https://openalex.org/W3095926597","https://openalex.org/W3113752344","https://openalex.org/W3118015457","https://openalex.org/W3128737192","https://openalex.org/W3133840586","https://openalex.org/W3158714159","https://openalex.org/W3164032799","https://openalex.org/W3173607352","https://openalex.org/W3194990535","https://openalex.org/W3211947833","https://openalex.org/W4224115924","https://openalex.org/W4226006885","https://openalex.org/W4285116599","https://openalex.org/W4288774103","https://openalex.org/W4292648453","https://openalex.org/W4312449532","https://openalex.org/W4316876983","https://openalex.org/W4389166788","https://openalex.org/W4394698500","https://openalex.org/W4400267590","https://openalex.org/W4402207882","https://openalex.org/W4409126690","https://openalex.org/W6610108440","https://openalex.org/W6755792154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phasor":[0],"Measurement":[1],"Units":[2],"(PMUs)":[3],"are":[4,149,249,300],"essential":[5],"for":[6,119,151,260,293,317],"real-time":[7],"monitoring":[8],"and":[9,40,109,130,145,153,178,185,217,242],"improving":[10],"grid":[11,68],"observability.":[12],"Determining":[13],"the":[14,22,30,42,47,63,67,76,102,136,170,181,190,198,202,225,253,282,315,327],"optimal":[15,48,79,103],"PMU":[16,32,49,80,104,127],"installation":[17,43,50,105,247],"is":[18,51,97,117,224,235,271,311],"critical,":[19],"especially":[20],"as":[21,29],"penetration":[23],"of":[24,66,71,78,138,173,183,228,285],"renewable":[25,72],"energy":[26,73],"resources":[27],"increases,":[28],"Optimal":[31],"Placement":[33],"(OPMUP)":[34],"can":[35,195],"guarantee":[36],"full":[37],"system":[38,131,321],"observability":[39,132,137],"reduce":[41,197],"cost.":[44],"However,":[45],"identifying":[46],"a":[52,88,257,267],"prototypical":[53],"combinatorial":[54],"optimization":[55,193,269],"problem,":[56],"requiring":[57],"substantial":[58],"classical":[59,162,210,220],"computational":[60,199],"resources.":[61],"Furthermore,":[62,266],"significant":[64],"expansion":[65],"in":[69,264,326],"terms":[70],"integration":[74],"makes":[75],"determination":[77],"placement":[81,128],"increasingly":[82],"computationally":[83],"intensive.":[84],"In":[85,188],"this":[86],"work,":[87],"hybrid":[89],"quantum-classical":[90],"approach,":[91],"Quantum":[92,331],"Approximate":[93],"Optimization":[94],"Algorithm":[95],"(QAOA),":[96],"developed":[98],"to":[99,252,273,302,313],"effectively":[100],"solve":[101],"problem":[106],"under":[107],"normal":[108,152],"channel":[110],"limitation":[111],"scenarios.":[112,155],"A":[113],"tailored":[114],"objective":[115],"function":[116],"proposed":[118,150,191,233],"quantum":[120,192,215,229,262,286,295,324],"optimization,":[121],"which":[122],"takes":[123],"into":[124],"account":[125],"both":[126],"cost":[129,284],"constraints.":[133],"To":[134],"analyze":[135],"QAOA-generated":[139],"solution":[140,159,276],"distributions,":[141],"recursion-based":[142],"Depth-First":[143],"Search":[144,147],"Breadth-First":[146],"algorithms":[148],"channellimited":[154],"These":[156],"methods":[157],"determine":[158],"feasibility":[160],"on":[161,214,219,237],"computers":[163],"with":[164],"O(N":[165],"+":[166],"M)":[167],"complexity,":[168],"outperforming":[169],"O(N2)":[171],"complexity":[172,200],"inequality-based":[174],"approaches,":[175],"where":[176,222,245],"N":[177],"M":[179],"denote":[180],"number":[182],"buses":[184],"branches,":[186],"respectively.":[187],"addition,":[189],"framework":[194],"significantly":[196],"from":[201],"polynomial":[203],"or":[204],"exponential":[205],"levels":[206],"required":[207],"by":[208],"previous":[209],"methods,":[211],"i.e.,":[212],"O(RN)":[213],"circuits":[216,230],"O(R(M+N))":[218],"resources,":[221,288],"R":[223],"repetition":[226],"times":[227],"executions.":[231],"The":[232],"method":[234],"tested":[236],"IEEE":[238],"9-,":[239],"14-,":[240],"24-,":[241],"30-bus":[243],"systems,":[244],"better":[246],"results":[248],"achieved":[250],"compared":[251],"state-of-the-art":[254],"results,":[255],"providing":[256],"new":[258],"baseline":[259],"further":[261],"studies":[263,299],"OPMUP.":[265],"landscape":[268],"strategy":[270],"introduced":[272],"improve":[274],"QAOA":[275,307],"quality.":[277],"This":[278,309],"approach":[279],"also":[280],"reduces":[281],"time":[283],"computing":[287],"making":[289],"it":[290],"more":[291],"efficient":[292],"current":[294],"applications.":[296],"Additionally,":[297],"parameter":[298],"conducted":[301],"identify":[303],"key":[304],"factors":[305],"influencing":[306],"performance.":[308],"work":[310],"expected":[312],"lay":[314],"foundations":[316],"addressing":[318],"challenging":[319],"power":[320],"problems":[322],"through":[323],"technology":[325],"Noisy":[328],"Intermediate":[329],"Scale":[330],"(NISQ)":[332],"era.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-05-01T00:00:00"}
