{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402475303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3458932","title":"A Probabilistic Graphical Model for Predicting Cascade Failures of Electric Vehicle Charging Networks Caused by Hurricanes","display_name":"A Probabilistic Graphical Model for Predicting Cascade Failures of Electric Vehicle Charging Networks Caused by Hurricanes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402475303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3458932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3458932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3458932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031355441","display_name":"Tianze Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-3510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081043019","display_name":"Difei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4864-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Difei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4864-7738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112642365","display_name":"Pengyu Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-1824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341376","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-8398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-8398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395960","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-7018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Cluny Road, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-7018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Cluny Road, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031355441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90637636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"627","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9596999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9264000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.7941471338272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6557141542434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4610975980758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.46023157238960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4571594297885895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3725466728210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3503972887992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.32591915130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.20355752110481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16044220328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11079534888267517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.7941471338272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6557141542434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4610975980758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.46023157238960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4571594297885895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3725466728210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3503972887992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.32591915130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.20355752110481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16044220328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11079534888267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3458932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3458932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3211857104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52277105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W2096189680","https://openalex.org/W2144957324","https://openalex.org/W2317330621","https://openalex.org/W2551527540","https://openalex.org/W2764582432","https://openalex.org/W2767848124","https://openalex.org/W2804446733","https://openalex.org/W2883936711","https://openalex.org/W2888580977","https://openalex.org/W2900577586","https://openalex.org/W2911890521","https://openalex.org/W2912530654","https://openalex.org/W2953096252","https://openalex.org/W2978301960","https://openalex.org/W2999772316","https://openalex.org/W3023984267","https://openalex.org/W3038514746","https://openalex.org/W3042829846","https://openalex.org/W3080246469","https://openalex.org/W3092108500","https://openalex.org/W3093085523","https://openalex.org/W3115170013","https://openalex.org/W3155852894","https://openalex.org/W3156651008","https://openalex.org/W3167636151","https://openalex.org/W3201324288","https://openalex.org/W3208266323","https://openalex.org/W3210805268","https://openalex.org/W3211711163","https://openalex.org/W4214559311","https://openalex.org/W4214577520","https://openalex.org/W4281394982","https://openalex.org/W4281632505","https://openalex.org/W4306402697","https://openalex.org/W4308742097","https://openalex.org/W4310990631","https://openalex.org/W4382203492","https://openalex.org/W4387005465","https://openalex.org/W4391798276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W2052574922","https://openalex.org/W64588465","https://openalex.org/W3120641340","https://openalex.org/W2117825986","https://openalex.org/W3134067061","https://openalex.org/W4286900141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"vehicle":[1],"charging":[2,14,28],"networks":[3],"(EVCNs)":[4],"are":[5],"vulnerable":[6],"to":[7,50,76,100,149],"power":[8,84],"outages.":[9],"The":[10,126,157],"resilience":[11],"of":[12,35,69,154,169,185],"critical":[13],"infrastructures":[15],"is":[16,74,98,111,129,147],"vital":[17],"for":[18,63],"providing":[19],"uninterrupted":[20],"service.":[21],"When":[22],"a":[23,51,57,81,114],"hurricane":[24,173],"occurs,":[25],"the":[26,33,41,44,65,78,83,102,119,123,132,137,141,151,161,178,183,194,197],"offline":[27],"stations":[29],"(CSs)":[30],"may":[31],"cause":[32],"redistribution":[34,110],"EV":[36,108],"traffic":[37,86,115,138],"flow,":[38],"resulting":[39],"in":[40,188],"congestion":[42],"at":[43],"healthy":[45],"CSs":[46],"and":[47,85,105,166,192],"potentially":[48],"leading":[49],"cascade":[52],"failure.":[53,156],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"presents":[56],"probabilistic":[58],"graphical":[59],"modeling":[60],"(PGM)":[61],"framework":[62],"predicting":[64],"hurricane-induced":[66],"cascading":[67,155,167,186],"failures":[68,168,187],"EVCNs.":[70],"A":[71],"Bayesian":[72],"network":[73],"proposed":[75,127,179],"capture":[77],"relationships":[79],"between":[80,122,164],"hurricane,":[82],"systems":[87],"coupled":[88],"by":[89,131,190],"an":[90],"EVCN.":[91],"An":[92],"AC-based":[93],"Cascading":[94],"Failure":[95],"model":[96],"(ACCF)":[97],"established":[99],"simulate":[101],"line":[103],"overloading":[104],"load":[106,109],"shedding.":[107],"formulated":[112],"as":[113,140],"assignment":[116],"problem":[117],"considering":[118,136],"road":[120],"impedance":[121],"nearby":[124],"CSs.":[125,199],"PGM":[128],"trained":[130],"Expectation-Maximization":[133],"(EM)":[134],"algorithm":[135],"flow":[139],"hidden":[142],"variable.":[143],"Clique":[144],"tree":[145],"method":[146,180],"used":[148],"infer":[150],"propagation":[152,184],"probability":[153],"case":[158],"study":[159],"demonstrates":[160],"causal":[162],"relationship":[163],"hazards":[165],"EVCNs":[170,189],"under":[171],"different":[172],"scenarios.":[174],"Results":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177],"can":[181],"predict":[182],"identifying":[191],"quantifying":[193],"correlation":[195],"among":[196],"susceptible":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}