{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400111569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3419208","title":"A Voltage Drop-Based Unified Protection Technique for Islanded Hybrid Microgrid","display_name":"A Voltage Drop-Based Unified Protection Technique for Islanded Hybrid Microgrid","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400111569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3419208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3419208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3419208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033255170","display_name":"Ahmed Saber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-6402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Saber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021263540","display_name":"Hatem Zeineldin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1500-1260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. H. Zeineldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","Department of Electrical Engineering, Advanced Power and Energy Center (APEC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Advanced Power and Energy Center (APEC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020667524","display_name":"Ehab F. El\u2010Saadany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab F. El-Saadany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Advanced Power and Energy Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Advanced Power and Energy Center (APEC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Advanced Power and Energy Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Advanced Power and Energy Center (APEC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033255170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0341,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7603336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"5373","last_page":"5387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.819080114364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-drop","display_name":"Voltage drop","score":0.5636296272277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5309625864028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5010993480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drop","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","score":0.46585115790367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4265240728855133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42200931906700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3999935984611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.38351863622665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3471146821975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33005478978157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3148445188999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.10669764876365662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.819080114364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82178898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166839","display_name":"Voltage drop","level":3,"score":0.5636296272277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5309625864028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5010993480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.46585115790367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4265240728855133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42200931906700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3999935984611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.38351863622665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3471146821975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33005478978157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3148445188999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.10669764876365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3419208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3419208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2320936718","https://openalex.org/W2497855708","https://openalex.org/W2507428423","https://openalex.org/W2579461652","https://openalex.org/W2617617186","https://openalex.org/W2766103644","https://openalex.org/W2895736223","https://openalex.org/W2953003215","https://openalex.org/W3010981032","https://openalex.org/W3012327858","https://openalex.org/W3013419386","https://openalex.org/W3016723460","https://openalex.org/W3024220614","https://openalex.org/W3039748176","https://openalex.org/W3103739225","https://openalex.org/W3196759917","https://openalex.org/W3199608579","https://openalex.org/W3202946327","https://openalex.org/W3207840632","https://openalex.org/W3210438415","https://openalex.org/W3215852736","https://openalex.org/W4205518397","https://openalex.org/W4205781056","https://openalex.org/W4210829520","https://openalex.org/W4214728133","https://openalex.org/W4226312086","https://openalex.org/W4289656132","https://openalex.org/W4293093467","https://openalex.org/W4294167309","https://openalex.org/W4295308240","https://openalex.org/W4312654394","https://openalex.org/W4312966760","https://openalex.org/W4313291096","https://openalex.org/W4319303299","https://openalex.org/W4322576985","https://openalex.org/W4323065749","https://openalex.org/W4375928768","https://openalex.org/W4389799565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W1590827513","https://openalex.org/W2610434618","https://openalex.org/W2025933093","https://openalex.org/W2363818268","https://openalex.org/W4255681223","https://openalex.org/W2541000087","https://openalex.org/W2018764485","https://openalex.org/W2742658476","https://openalex.org/W2319035808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"hybrid":[1],"microgrids":[2],"(HMGs)":[3],"offer":[4],"several":[5,12],"advantages,":[6],"protection":[7,36,54],"schemes":[8,186],"for":[9,38,57,110],"HMGs":[10],"face":[11],"challenges,":[13,47],"such":[14],"as":[15,28,30,198,200],"the":[16,24,31,64,68,77,82,106,111,115,120,148,157,188],"inconsistent":[17],"and":[18,41,67,96,102,142,174,195],"low":[19],"fault":[20,92,104,131],"current":[21,69],"contributions":[22],"of":[23,33,147],"inverter-dominated":[25],"distributed":[26],"generations":[27],"well":[29,199],"lack":[32],"a":[34,51,129],"unified":[35,52,130],"technique":[37,55],"both":[39,72],"AC":[40],"DC":[42],"sub-grids.":[43],"To":[44],"address":[45],"these":[46],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"develops":[50],"differential":[53],"(UDPT)":[56],"islanded":[58,161],"HMGs.":[59],"The":[60,84,145,177],"proposed":[61,136,149,178],"UDPT":[62,150,179],"utilizes":[63],"line":[65,73,196],"parameters":[66,197],"measurements":[70,194],"at":[71],"terminals":[74],"to":[75,137],"calculate":[76],"voltage":[78],"drop":[79],"(VD)":[80],"along":[81],"line.":[83],"VD":[85,107],"is":[86,135,151],"calculated":[87,109],"twice":[88],"by":[89],"considering":[90],"two":[91,112],"locations":[93,113],"(close":[94],"end":[95],"far":[97],"end).":[98],"Under":[99],"normal":[100],"operation":[101],"external":[103,172],"scenarios,":[105],"values":[108],"have":[114,122],"same":[116],"direction,":[117],"but":[118],"on":[119,156],"contrary,":[121],"opposite":[123],"directions":[124],"under":[125],"internal":[126,140,175],"faults.":[127,176,202],"Consequently,":[128],"detection":[132],"index":[133],"(UFDI)":[134],"discriminate":[138],"between":[139],"faults":[141],"other":[143],"scenarios.":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"evaluated":[152],"through":[153],"PSCAD/EMTDC":[154],"simulation":[155],"modified":[158],"IEEE":[159],"33-bus":[160],"HMG,":[162],"involving":[163],"load":[164],"switching,":[165,167,169],"generator":[166],"capacitor":[168],"topology":[170],"changes,":[171],"faults,":[173],"shows":[180],"remarkable":[181],"performance":[182],"compared":[183],"with":[184,191],"previous":[185],"in":[187,193],"literature,":[189],"even":[190],"inaccuracies":[192],"high-resistance":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
