{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392251571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3371067","title":"Protection Scheme Based on Energy Value and Morphological Feature of Incipient Fault Current for Inverter Dominated Islanded Microgrids","display_name":"Protection Scheme Based on Energy Value and Morphological Feature of Incipient Fault Current for Inverter Dominated Islanded Microgrids","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392251571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3371067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3371067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3371067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052277806","display_name":"L. He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-0838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-0838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645046","display_name":"Xiangyang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2265-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2265-3993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043244445","display_name":"Quan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-4708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-4708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091741304","display_name":"Zhikang Shuai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-2722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikang Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-2722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114138054","display_name":"Liping Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5416-7962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5416-7962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551070","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-9901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-9901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062440795","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77781817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"4315","last_page":"4332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.6738321185112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.619253396987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5642046928405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5434356927871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5402007699012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5109443068504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.49213045835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48015159368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4629133343696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4587441384792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.335090696811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3081585466861725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.24111509323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23611867427825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2323167622089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20061656832695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11625736951828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.07942900061607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07862347364425659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6738321185112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.619253396987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5642046928405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5434356927871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5402007699012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5109443068504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.49213045835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48015159368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4629133343696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4587441384792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.335090696811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3081585466861725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.24111509323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23611867427825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2323167622089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20061656832695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11625736951828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.07942900061607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07862347364425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3371067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3371067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2578998726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52125705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G717850676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52307201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7859144792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M721082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1759197186","https://openalex.org/W1994959046","https://openalex.org/W2039504478","https://openalex.org/W2047014123","https://openalex.org/W2055596962","https://openalex.org/W2096764068","https://openalex.org/W2165427810","https://openalex.org/W2343079212","https://openalex.org/W2638559990","https://openalex.org/W2780688403","https://openalex.org/W2781641018","https://openalex.org/W2891339011","https://openalex.org/W2963367940","https://openalex.org/W2980017073","https://openalex.org/W3013419386","https://openalex.org/W3016078536","https://openalex.org/W3024220614","https://openalex.org/W3038361899","https://openalex.org/W3045338341","https://openalex.org/W3111971853","https://openalex.org/W3113182530","https://openalex.org/W3116844630","https://openalex.org/W3139166566","https://openalex.org/W3159131622","https://openalex.org/W3182999385","https://openalex.org/W3196578095","https://openalex.org/W3196759917","https://openalex.org/W3197622377","https://openalex.org/W3199608579","https://openalex.org/W3210438415","https://openalex.org/W4205775844","https://openalex.org/W4220858141","https://openalex.org/W4226312086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W4383747562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,125,165],"fault":[1,16,41,78,98,116,139,176],"ride":[2],"through":[3],"(FRT)":[4],"control":[5],"of":[6,35,58,68,76,107,114,171],"inverter-based":[7],"distributed":[8],"generators":[9],"(IBDGs)":[10],"is":[11,27],"quickly":[12],"activated":[13],"after":[14],"a":[15,28],"to":[17,51,120,138,143,153,158],"limit":[18],"the":[19,33,39,53,56,65,74,87,101,104,122,130,146,169],"output":[20],"current":[21,42,117],"within":[22],"2":[23],"per":[24],"unit.":[25],"There":[26],"phase":[29,46,88,134],"jump":[30,89],"phenomenon":[31],"at":[32],"commencement":[34],"FRT":[36],"control.":[37],"However,":[38],"low":[40,161],"level":[43],"and":[44,55,80,91,96,111,160],"time-varying":[45],"could":[47],"make":[48],"it":[49],"difficult":[50],"guarantee":[52],"rapidity":[54],"selectivity":[57],"islanded":[59,69],"microgrid":[60],"protection.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"transient":[66],"characteristics":[67],"microgrids":[70],"are":[71,118],"analyzed":[72],"considering":[73],"influence":[75],"IBDG":[77],"response":[79],"flexible":[81],"network":[82,147],"topology.":[83],"solution":[85],"reveals":[86],"direction":[90],"magnitude":[92],"difference":[93],"between":[94],"internal":[95],"external":[97],"currents.":[99],"Then,":[100],"energy":[102],"value,":[103],"skewness":[105],"value":[106],"directional":[108],"morphological":[109],"gradient,":[110],"peak":[112],"polarity":[113],"incipient":[115],"applied":[119],"formulate":[121],"protection":[123,127],"criteria.":[124],"proposed":[126,172],"scheme":[128,173],"offers":[129],"following":[131],"features:":[132],"faulted":[133],"selection":[135],"capability,":[136],"insensitivity":[137],"inception":[140],"angle,":[141],"adaptation":[142],"changes":[144],"in":[145],"topology,":[148],"noise":[149,154],"immunity":[150],"with":[151],"signal":[152],"ratio":[155],"(SNR)":[156],"down":[157],"1dB,":[159],"communication":[162],"bandwidth":[163],"requirements.":[164],"simulation":[166],"results":[167],"verify":[168],"effectiveness":[170],"for":[174],"various":[175],"conditions.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
