{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390659387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3350992","title":"Modeling Load Redistribution Attacks in Integrated Electricity-Gas Systems","display_name":"Modeling Load Redistribution Attacks in Integrated Electricity-Gas Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390659387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3350992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3350992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3350992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040821170","display_name":"Rong-Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-3411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong-Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-3411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065415603","display_name":"Xiaozhe Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-0990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732720","display_name":"Bo Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-4281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-4281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005247709","display_name":"Rawad Zgheib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47099075","display_name":"Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/01nhzsw25","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47099075"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rawad Zgheib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Quebec Research Institute, Varennes, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-0473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Quebec Research Institute, Varennes, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47099075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040821170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94023859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"4115","last_page":"4127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.958899974822998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.7145769000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.623906672000885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redistribution","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","score":0.5742502212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5690971612930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5584763288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.5021078586578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4603128135204315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.45263445377349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benders-decomposition","display_name":"Benders' decomposition","score":0.43981289863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.38059911131858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3450656235218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.29322025179862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2904890179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.2517109215259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14367112517356873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.7145769000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.623906672000885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.5742502212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5690971612930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5584763288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5021078586578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4603128135204315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.45263445377349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27665512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042795","display_name":"Benders' decomposition","level":2,"score":0.43981289863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.38059911131858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3450656235218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29322025179862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2904890179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2517109215259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14367112517356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2024.3350992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2024.3350992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6944538960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"334636","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","funder_display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7221766573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IT27493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322199","funder_display_name":"Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8843975714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ALLRP 566986-21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322199","display_name":"Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/01nhzsw25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9f9778"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022810949","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2056684756","https://openalex.org/W2079428693","https://openalex.org/W2122559297","https://openalex.org/W2187814049","https://openalex.org/W2343174841","https://openalex.org/W2499145065","https://openalex.org/W2592468932","https://openalex.org/W2605397371","https://openalex.org/W2612796499","https://openalex.org/W2618656593","https://openalex.org/W2670040239","https://openalex.org/W2756033884","https://openalex.org/W2890415503","https://openalex.org/W2907484247","https://openalex.org/W2911480929","https://openalex.org/W2950426646","https://openalex.org/W2964219812","https://openalex.org/W2984195658","https://openalex.org/W3015380980","https://openalex.org/W3042185101","https://openalex.org/W3045733726","https://openalex.org/W3049430082","https://openalex.org/W3110718632","https://openalex.org/W3154805287","https://openalex.org/W3162075735","https://openalex.org/W3174459259","https://openalex.org/W3189601588","https://openalex.org/W3198066706","https://openalex.org/W4312249669","https://openalex.org/W6686574715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2479207418","https://openalex.org/W4237041411","https://openalex.org/W1588628884","https://openalex.org/W1994745260","https://openalex.org/W2382404424","https://openalex.org/W2012267561","https://openalex.org/W3018909868","https://openalex.org/W3040509871","https://openalex.org/W1597439928","https://openalex.org/W2980244552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,20,49,69,85,134,145,158,161],"share":[2],"of":[3,22,54,140,160],"gas-fired":[4],"power":[5],"generation":[6],"continues":[7],"to":[8,13,26,44,67,114,128,144],"increase,":[9],"it":[10],"is":[11,112],"essential":[12],"consider":[14],"integrated":[15],"electricity-gas":[16],"systems":[17],"(IEGSs).":[18],"However,":[19],"development":[21],"IEGSs":[23,41,60],"has":[24],"led":[25],"an":[27,75],"increased":[28],"reliance":[29],"on":[30,59],"cyber":[31],"infrastructures,":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"communication":[35],"systems,":[36],"which":[37,95],"in":[38,118,133],"turn":[39],"makes":[40],"more":[42],"susceptible":[43],"cyberattacks.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"investigates":[48],"paradigm":[50],"and":[51,61,108,152,164],"stealthy":[52],"conditions":[53],"load":[55],"redistribution":[56],"(LR)":[57],"attacks":[58],"pro-poses":[62],"a":[63,79,119,125],"bilevel":[64],"mixed-integer":[65],"model":[66,87,117,163],"identify":[68],"most":[70],"severe":[71],"LR":[72],"attack":[73],"from":[74,97],"economic":[76],"perspective.":[77],"Under":[78],"mild":[80],"assumption,":[81],"we":[82,123],"prove":[83],"that":[84,100],"proposed":[86,162],"does":[88],"not":[89],"exclude":[90],"any":[91],"possible":[92],"upper-level":[93],"attack,":[94],"differs":[96],"existing":[98],"models":[99],"may":[101],"yield":[102],"suboptimal":[103],"solutions.":[104],"A":[105],"modified":[106],"reformulation":[107],"decomposition":[109],"(R&D)":[110],"algorithm":[111,150],"developed":[113],"solve":[115],"this":[116],"master-subproblem":[120],"framework.":[121],"Particularly,":[122],"design":[124],"new":[126],"subproblem":[127],"address":[129],"potential":[130],"infeasibility":[131],"issues":[132],"master":[135,146],"problem.":[136],"Accordingly,":[137],"two":[138],"types":[139],"cuts":[141],"are":[142],"added":[143],"problem":[147],"for":[148],"ensuring":[149],"feasibility":[151],"solution":[153,165],"optimality.":[154],"Testing":[155],"results":[156],"validate":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"method.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T15:46:55.921056","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}