{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388240247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3329726","title":"Identifying Secure Operating Ranges for DER Control Using Bilevel Optimization","display_name":"Identifying Secure Operating Ranges for DER Control Using Bilevel Optimization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388240247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3329726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2023.3329726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3329726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013253430","display_name":"Kshitij Girigoudar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-3338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kshitij Girigoudar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-3338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005034793","display_name":"Line Roald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Line A. Roald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-7272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75246234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"2921","last_page":"2933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.8047369718551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.7516692876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6469970941543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.6424537301063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6049567461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5505464673042297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5275413990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5258282423019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.491146057844162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.48236674070358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4681829512119293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4363611936569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41367584466934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3848423957824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3337199091911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2420113980770111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.1265530288219452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1129421591758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09570503234863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09226635098457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0811014175415039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.8047369718551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.7516692876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6469970941543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.6424537301063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6049567461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5505464673042297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5275413990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5258282423019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.491146057844162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.48236674070358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4681829512119293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4363611936569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41367584466934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3848423957824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3337199091911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2420113980770111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.1265530288219452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1129421591758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09570503234863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09226635098457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0811014175415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2023.3329726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3329726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G900632445","display_name":"CAREER: From Reactive to Proactive Distribution Grid Risk Management","funder_award_id":"2045860","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333881","display_name":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04dam5e61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51886086","https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1779850123","https://openalex.org/W1966205829","https://openalex.org/W1976245933","https://openalex.org/W1989697801","https://openalex.org/W2072230340","https://openalex.org/W2313092143","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W2338772628","https://openalex.org/W2344608947","https://openalex.org/W2345095395","https://openalex.org/W2357053520","https://openalex.org/W2478231406","https://openalex.org/W2496721909","https://openalex.org/W2512109574","https://openalex.org/W2512766677","https://openalex.org/W2514788611","https://openalex.org/W2593353776","https://openalex.org/W2613262164","https://openalex.org/W2614367549","https://openalex.org/W2617778626","https://openalex.org/W2762654164","https://openalex.org/W2766582599","https://openalex.org/W2789709604","https://openalex.org/W2927769599","https://openalex.org/W2962975740","https://openalex.org/W2963409616","https://openalex.org/W2964100695","https://openalex.org/W3002802215","https://openalex.org/W3012268966","https://openalex.org/W3020117438","https://openalex.org/W3080487268","https://openalex.org/W3082740031","https://openalex.org/W3122883832","https://openalex.org/W3138485218","https://openalex.org/W3176325515","https://openalex.org/W3184198614","https://openalex.org/W3193958997","https://openalex.org/W3212897443","https://openalex.org/W4210728769","https://openalex.org/W4251818744","https://openalex.org/W4286588347","https://openalex.org/W4291734183","https://openalex.org/W4376467328","https://openalex.org/W4387088254","https://openalex.org/W6840831842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2593427583","https://openalex.org/W2890257643","https://openalex.org/W1495503294","https://openalex.org/W2136076430","https://openalex.org/W2161149697","https://openalex.org/W2884337142","https://openalex.org/W2340378315","https://openalex.org/W255338418","https://openalex.org/W2013038594","https://openalex.org/W1604175135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Active":[0],"distribution":[1,29,48,57,81,114,184],"grids":[2],"are":[3,22,89,132,141,216],"accommodating":[4],"an":[5,112],"increasing":[6],"number":[7],"of":[8,19,46,135,200,210],"controllable":[9],"electric":[10],"loads":[11,41],"and":[12,42,65,137,145,186],"distributed":[13],"energy":[14],"resources":[15,76],"(DERs).":[16],"A":[17],"majority":[18],"these":[20,75],"DERs":[21,43,154],"managed":[23],"by":[24,74],"entities":[25,149],"other":[26],"than":[27],"the":[28,40,71,103,148,162,174],"utility,":[30],"such":[31,84],"as":[32,85,204,206],"individual":[33],"customers":[34],"or":[35,158],"third-party":[36,63,159],"aggregators,":[37],"who":[38],"control":[39,214],"without":[44,171],"consideration":[45],"any":[47],"grid":[49,82,115,127],"constraints.":[50],"This":[51],"makes":[52],"it":[53,192],"challenging":[54],"for":[55,212],"a":[56,97,133,197,207],"system":[58],"operator":[59],"(DSO)":[60],"to":[61,68,101,126,143,164,195],"allow":[62],"aggregators":[64],"transmission":[66,156],"operators":[67,157],"fully":[69],"exploit":[70],"flexibility":[72,106,152],"offered":[73],"while":[77,116],"also":[78],"ensuring":[79,117],"that":[80,107,118,124,140,150,191],"constraints":[83,136],"voltage":[86],"magnitude":[87],"limits":[88],"not":[90],"violated.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"develop":[96],"bilevel":[98],"optimization-based":[99],"framework":[100],"determine":[102,196],"aggregate":[104,201],"power":[105,202],"can":[108],"be":[109],"obtained":[110],"from":[111,153,173],"unbalanced":[113,183],"there":[119],"is":[120,179,193],"no":[121],"disaggregation":[122,169],"solution":[123],"leads":[125],"constraint":[128],"violations.":[129],"The":[130,176],"results":[131,189],"set":[134,209],"operating":[138],"rules":[139,211],"easy":[142],"communicate,":[144],"which":[146],"provide":[147],"procure":[151],"(e.g.,":[155],"aggregators)":[160],"with":[161],"ability":[163],"freely":[165],"implement":[166],"their":[167],"own":[168],"strategy":[170],"intervention":[172],"DSO.":[175],"proposed":[177],"approach":[178],"tested":[180],"on":[181],"two":[182],"feeders":[185],"our":[187],"simulation":[188],"indicate":[190],"possible":[194],"wide":[198],"range":[199],"flexibility,":[203],"long":[205],"simple":[208],"DER":[213],"activation":[215],"followed.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}