{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361990680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263814","title":"A Generalizable Method for Practical Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring via Metric-Based Meta-Learning","display_name":"A Generalizable Method for Practical Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring via Metric-Based Meta-Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361990680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2023.3263814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042054115","display_name":"Qingquan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingquan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-5359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057697869","display_name":"Tao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-261X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-261X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087043757","display_name":"Chaofan Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4715-1020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaofan Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103253953","display_name":"Yi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-2973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413082","display_name":"Zihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-5291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066865754","display_name":"Zhenning Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-8056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenning Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-8056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6004,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93547548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"1103","last_page":"1115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7678025960922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7563985586166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5304177403450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5284181833267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5141125321388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5030884146690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boom","display_name":"Boom","score":0.47674357891082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43872249126434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4216829836368561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10182136297225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09445664286613464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7678025960922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7563985586166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5304177403450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5284181833267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5141125321388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5030884146690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141441539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908","display_name":"Boom","level":2,"score":0.47674357891082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43872249126434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4216829836368561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10182136297225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09445664286613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2023.3263814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2167525414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52207105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4100560783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M721184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8702543137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2066212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479651931","https://openalex.org/W1682403713","https://openalex.org/W2043279449","https://openalex.org/W2112538708","https://openalex.org/W2884243640","https://openalex.org/W2885580746","https://openalex.org/W2904841534","https://openalex.org/W2908535058","https://openalex.org/W2936601292","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2971067036","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3003716972","https://openalex.org/W3006472355","https://openalex.org/W3008901316","https://openalex.org/W3034942609","https://openalex.org/W3040566078","https://openalex.org/W3044070975","https://openalex.org/W3044575716","https://openalex.org/W3044994156","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3099873379","https://openalex.org/W3108975329","https://openalex.org/W3114746859","https://openalex.org/W3128553897","https://openalex.org/W3163514138","https://openalex.org/W3163842339","https://openalex.org/W3166736677","https://openalex.org/W3171336461","https://openalex.org/W3199873924","https://openalex.org/W3203788068","https://openalex.org/W4285150968","https://openalex.org/W4310121849","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6720057410","https://openalex.org/W6735236233","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6743661861","https://openalex.org/W6746260573","https://openalex.org/W6758126075","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6907297041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3161710089","https://openalex.org/W2353620890","https://openalex.org/W2353579321","https://openalex.org/W3130795706","https://openalex.org/W2088384090","https://openalex.org/W3049366059","https://openalex.org/W3087499667","https://openalex.org/W2537816284","https://openalex.org/W2383202214","https://openalex.org/W2075445622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-Intrusive":[0],"Load":[1],"Monitoring":[2],"(NILM)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,75,135],"research":[7],"boom":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,52,64,95,148],"its":[11],"energy-saving":[12],"benefits":[13],"as":[14],"the":[15,20,32,46,53,57,61,90,97,103,116,131,145,150,162,167],"smart":[16],"grid":[17],"develops":[18],"and":[19,84,122,142,161,182],"greenhouse":[21],"effect":[22],"intensifies.":[23],"However,":[24],"existing":[25],"NILM":[26,78],"models":[27],"may":[28],"perform":[29],"poorly":[30],"in":[31,102,175],"target":[33,104],"domains":[34],"collected":[35],"from":[36],"different":[37,176],"sources,":[38],"or":[39,68],"those":[40],"containing":[41],"unseen":[42,62],"appliance":[43,132,180,183],"types,":[44],"blocking":[45],"rollout":[47],"of":[48],"NILM.":[49],"In":[50],"contrast":[51],"methods":[54],"that":[55,166],"update":[56],"trained":[58],"model":[59],"on":[60,81,157],"data":[63],"handle":[65],"domain":[66],"shift":[67],"heterogeneous":[69],"label":[70],"space,":[71],"this":[72,107],"paper":[73],"proposes":[74],"novel":[76],"generalizable":[77],"method":[79,108,129,169],"based":[80],"metric-based":[82],"meta-learning":[83],"supervised":[85],"pre-training.":[86],"It":[87],"beforehand":[88],"learns":[89],"cross-domain":[91],"meta-knowledge":[92],"through":[93],"meta-training":[94],"eliminate":[96],"need":[98],"for":[99,112],"parameter":[100],"updates":[101],"domain.":[105],"Moreover,":[106],"is":[109],"specifically":[110],"designed":[111],"practical":[113],"deployments":[114],"at":[115],"edge":[117],"where":[118],"both":[119],"labeled":[120],"instances":[121],"computation":[123],"resources":[124],"are":[125],"limited.":[126],"The":[127,154],"proposed":[128,163,168],"transforms":[130],"current":[133],"into":[134],"metric":[136],"vector":[137],"via":[138,152],"lightweight":[139],"1D":[140],"convolution":[141],"then":[143],"uses":[144],"relation":[146],"module":[147],"propagate":[149],"labels":[151],"similarity.":[153],"experimental":[155],"results":[156],"three":[158],"public":[159],"datasets":[160],"dataset":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"can":[170],"achieve":[171],"high":[172],"generalization":[173],"performance":[174],"datasets,":[177],"user\u2019s":[178],"houses,":[179],"brands,":[181],"types.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}