{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362014697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263273","title":"Three-Stage Stochastic Unit Commitment for Microgrids Toward Frequency Security via Renewable Energy Deloading","display_name":"Three-Stage Stochastic Unit Commitment for Microgrids Toward Frequency Security via Renewable Energy Deloading","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362014697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2023.3263273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718173","display_name":"Xiao Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-8897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-8897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031912756","display_name":"Tianyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362341","display_name":"Xuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-6543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-6543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395960","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-7018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-7018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96545758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"4256","last_page":"4267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7157824635505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5804031491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5491660833358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-optimization","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","score":0.4823248088359833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.4755270779132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-generator","display_name":"Diesel generator","score":0.470014363527298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-simulation","display_name":"Power system simulation","score":0.4570668935775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3338874578475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3228476047515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27462679147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.22429713606834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.16196641325950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.155012845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.136753112077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-fuel","display_name":"Diesel fuel","score":0.12595251202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11939367651939392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7157824635505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5804031491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5491660833358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.4823248088359833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4755270779132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q963375","display_name":"Diesel generator","level":3,"score":0.470014363527298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116219307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236625","display_name":"Power system simulation","level":4,"score":0.4570668935775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3338874578475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3228476047515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27462679147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.22429713606834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.16196641325950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.155012845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.136753112077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.12595251202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11939367651939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2023.3263273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2023.3263273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1277664184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515110016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2277632447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515110583","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569990960","https://openalex.org/W2001860597","https://openalex.org/W2013227046","https://openalex.org/W2087682750","https://openalex.org/W2105280352","https://openalex.org/W2105653794","https://openalex.org/W2111809029","https://openalex.org/W2275035491","https://openalex.org/W2337315713","https://openalex.org/W2549528284","https://openalex.org/W2560324934","https://openalex.org/W2570020157","https://openalex.org/W2781040626","https://openalex.org/W2891645050","https://openalex.org/W2894459708","https://openalex.org/W2954646619","https://openalex.org/W2994249516","https://openalex.org/W2999842914","https://openalex.org/W3017299878","https://openalex.org/W3102224042","https://openalex.org/W3119825705","https://openalex.org/W3133338969","https://openalex.org/W3143553909","https://openalex.org/W3152680225","https://openalex.org/W3160125835","https://openalex.org/W3171190683","https://openalex.org/W3175457831","https://openalex.org/W3204764212","https://openalex.org/W4292993803","https://openalex.org/W4293202919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386968573","https://openalex.org/W2395064349","https://openalex.org/W2034374297","https://openalex.org/W821205410","https://openalex.org/W2382628689","https://openalex.org/W1590105032","https://openalex.org/W2085408800","https://openalex.org/W2183016206","https://openalex.org/W2062343321","https://openalex.org/W4383816134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Renewable":[0],"energy":[1,36,157],"is":[2,32,86,99,111],"boosting":[3],"the":[4,17,41,44,60,63,71,78,90,146,149],"deployment":[5],"of":[6,20,53,65,93,148],"microgrids":[7],"(MGs)":[8],"with":[9,107,121],"stochastic":[10,28,104],"and":[11,55,125,141,159],"low":[12],"inertia":[13],"nature.":[14],"To":[15],"improve":[16],"operational":[18,72,154],"efficiency":[19],"MGs":[21],"while":[22],"guaranteeing":[23],"frequency":[24,91,160],"security,":[25],"a":[26,81,102,115],"three-stage":[27,96],"unit":[29],"commitment":[30],"problem":[31,98,106,110],"proposed,":[33],"where":[34],"renewable":[35,156],"can":[37],"be":[38],"deloaded.":[39],"In":[40,59,77],"first":[42],"stage,":[43,62,80],"diesel":[45],"generators":[46],"(DGs)":[47],"are":[48,67,130],"scheduled,":[49],"responding":[50],"to":[51,69,88],"uncertainties":[52],"loads":[54],"photovoltaic":[56],"generator":[57],"output.":[58],"second":[61],"outputs":[64],"DGs":[66],"optimized":[68],"reduce":[70],"cost":[73],"under":[74,136],"uncertain":[75],"disturbances.":[76,142],"third":[79],"novel":[82,116],"PV":[83,138],"deloading":[84],"strategy":[85],"proposed":[87,150],"test":[89],"security":[92],"MGs.":[94],"The":[95,143],"optimization":[97,105],"formulated":[100],"as":[101],"multi-stage":[103],"recourse.":[108],"This":[109],"then":[112],"solved":[113],"using":[114],"nested":[117],"Benders":[118],"decomposition":[119],"algorithm":[120],"both":[122],"dual":[123],"cuts":[124],"partial":[126],"primal":[127],"cuts.":[128],"Simulations":[129],"performed":[131],"on":[132],"an":[133],"AC":[134],"MG":[135],"different":[137],"penetration":[139],"levels":[140],"results":[144],"verify":[145],"effectiveness":[147],"model":[151],"in":[152],"balancing":[153],"efficiency,":[155],"utilization,":[158],"security.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
