{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313590760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3233910","title":"Energy Storage Capacity Optimization for Improving the Autonomy of Grid-Connected Microgrid","display_name":"Energy Storage Capacity Optimization for Improving the Autonomy of Grid-Connected Microgrid","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313590760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3233910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3233910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3233910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009030051","display_name":"Guolong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-705X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-705X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402807","display_name":"Jianing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4887-2732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29236304","display_name":"Advisory Board Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02q248z41","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29236304"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Advisory, WSP UK, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4887-2732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Advisory, WSP UK, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29236304"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363169","display_name":"Xiaoping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-4989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-4989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95915548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"2921","last_page":"2933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7605645060539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6461083292961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5636024475097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5193868279457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.4724728763103485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.45836174488067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.45517614483833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.4446631968021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.44247135519981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-optimization","display_name":"Robust optimization","score":0.42704224586486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-simulation","display_name":"Power system simulation","score":0.4231027662754059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.38185960054397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3599187433719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.31239253282546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2557326555252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.22244256734848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1288686990737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.12823784351348877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7605645060539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6461083292961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5636024475097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5193868279457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.4724728763103485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.45836174488067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.45517614483833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4446631968021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.44247135519981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193254401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2160088","display_name":"Robust optimization","level":2,"score":0.42704224586486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116219307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236625","display_name":"Power system simulation","level":4,"score":0.4231027662754059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.38185960054397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3599187433719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31239253282546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2557326555252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.22244256734848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1288686990737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.12823784351348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3233910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3233910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51105495","https://openalex.org/W1589801689","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1981585916","https://openalex.org/W2023247191","https://openalex.org/W2033198042","https://openalex.org/W2052248661","https://openalex.org/W2096786180","https://openalex.org/W2122741803","https://openalex.org/W2129759371","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2146738646","https://openalex.org/W2161160262","https://openalex.org/W2197072304","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W2341721993","https://openalex.org/W2556449496","https://openalex.org/W2754315630","https://openalex.org/W2789125859","https://openalex.org/W2899536918","https://openalex.org/W2973460848","https://openalex.org/W3008896591","https://openalex.org/W3089070061","https://openalex.org/W3092030330","https://openalex.org/W3095311430","https://openalex.org/W3095393584","https://openalex.org/W3133539597","https://openalex.org/W3154084362","https://openalex.org/W3163443596","https://openalex.org/W3209212772","https://openalex.org/W4205897083","https://openalex.org/W4226355645","https://openalex.org/W4237348938","https://openalex.org/W4286359162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W1656421420","https://openalex.org/W3019501519","https://openalex.org/W4311926137","https://openalex.org/W2974254200","https://openalex.org/W2041883546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,147],"support":[1],"the":[2,21,37,68,91,134,142,149,167,171,186,194,197],"autonomy":[3,24],"and":[4,26,40,59,73,110,129,139,155,174],"economy":[5],"of":[6,70,136,196],"grid-connected":[7],"microgrid":[8],"(MG),":[9],"we":[10,47,99,121],"propose":[11,100],"an":[12],"energy":[13,23,38,75],"storage":[14],"system":[15],"(ESS)":[16],"capacity":[17],"optimization":[18],"model":[19,52,151],"considering":[20],"internal":[22,74],"indicator":[25],"grid":[27],"supply":[28,138],"point":[29],"(GSP)":[30],"resilience":[31,118],"management":[32],"method":[33,161],"to":[34,115,132,165,170,181,184,192],"quantitatively":[35],"characterize":[36,133],"balance":[39,69],"power":[41,61,96,102],"stability":[42],"characteristics.":[43],"Based":[44],"on":[45],"these,":[46],"establish":[48],"a":[49,101,158],"three-stage":[50],"coupled":[51],"including":[53],"investment":[54,72],"decision,":[55],"day-ahead":[56],"operation":[57],"strategy,":[58,106],"real-time":[60,95],"fluctuation":[62,97,103],"smoothing":[63,104],"control.":[64],"Investment":[65],"processes":[66],"solve":[67,148,185],"ESS":[71,92,109],"autonomy.":[76],"Day-ahead":[77],"operational":[78],"scheduling":[79],"mainly":[80],"solves":[81],"unit":[82],"commitment":[83],"problems":[84],"in":[85],"MG,":[86],"which":[87],"are":[88,190],"constrained":[89],"by":[90,108],"capacities.":[93],"For":[94],"smoothing,":[98],"control":[105,113],"coordinated":[107],"direct":[111],"load":[112],"(DLC),":[114],"achieve":[116],"GSP":[117],"management.":[119],"Furthermore,":[120],"use":[122],"Monte":[123],"Carlo":[124],"Simulations,":[125],"stochastic":[126],"scenario":[127],"combinations,":[128],"uncertainty":[130,168],"set":[131],"fluctuations":[135],"both":[137],"demand":[140],"at":[141],"above":[143],"different":[144],"stages,":[145],"respectively.":[146],"established":[150],"with":[152],"multi-objective,":[153],"multi-uncertainties,":[154],"multi-stage":[156],"coupling,":[157],"robust":[159],"counterpart":[160],"has":[162],"been":[163],"used":[164,183],"convert":[166],"problem":[169],"deterministic":[172],"one,":[173],"then":[175],"decomposition-based":[176],"multi-objective":[177],"evolutionary":[178],"algorithm":[179],"(MOEA/D)":[180],"efficiently":[182],"problem.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"simulations":[189],"conducted":[191],"verify":[193],"effectiveness":[195],"proposed":[198],"model.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}