{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312449187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3224080","title":"Sponge Grid With Numerous Virtual Energy Storage Systems: Concept, Model, and Decentralized Control","display_name":"Sponge Grid With Numerous Virtual Energy Storage Systems: Concept, Model, and Decentralized Control","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312449187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3224080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3224080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3224080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003746873","display_name":"Chenggang Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-5402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenggang Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-5402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010781360","display_name":"Tao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042959911","display_name":"Yuhan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-2552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-2552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007013035","display_name":"Shanying Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-4519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanying Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-4519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035300094","display_name":"Pierluigi Siano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-0241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierluigi Siano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-0241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062440795","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68565297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"2986","last_page":"2998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.6355067491531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6157857179641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5835278630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5735573768615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5548617243766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5174275040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.465139776468277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralised-system","display_name":"Decentralised system","score":0.45695093274116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.45325642824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4432255029678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4249679446220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3566267490386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3463778495788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.26795703172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26358795166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.19791001081466675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6355067491531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6157857179641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5835278630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5735573768615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5548617243766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5174275040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.465139776468277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205875254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156857","display_name":"Decentralised system","level":3,"score":0.45695093274116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.45325642824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4432255029678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4249679446220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3566267490386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3463778495788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.26795703172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26358795166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.19791001081466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3224080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3224080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082515132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xzy022022048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2313728543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JC\u201019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2695395846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52277123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G652081930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51977166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995884781","https://openalex.org/W2051265628","https://openalex.org/W2057426113","https://openalex.org/W2076078926","https://openalex.org/W2268684686","https://openalex.org/W2509918487","https://openalex.org/W2513403950","https://openalex.org/W2522769817","https://openalex.org/W2593255572","https://openalex.org/W2593427583","https://openalex.org/W2737628516","https://openalex.org/W2751471223","https://openalex.org/W2763311819","https://openalex.org/W2766636687","https://openalex.org/W2769732791","https://openalex.org/W2770065544","https://openalex.org/W2805377909","https://openalex.org/W2891677215","https://openalex.org/W2894905641","https://openalex.org/W2904335410","https://openalex.org/W2912401770","https://openalex.org/W2913932240","https://openalex.org/W2962848173","https://openalex.org/W2963288851","https://openalex.org/W3015951924","https://openalex.org/W3020239300","https://openalex.org/W3042564935","https://openalex.org/W3048219031","https://openalex.org/W3097789556","https://openalex.org/W3170558250","https://openalex.org/W3174669995","https://openalex.org/W3176547066","https://openalex.org/W3196050100","https://openalex.org/W3204638089","https://openalex.org/W4285309707","https://openalex.org/W4288782288","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W6839124062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140965658","https://openalex.org/W2168595839","https://openalex.org/W2186193041","https://openalex.org/W2053504570","https://openalex.org/W2025104851","https://openalex.org/W2023709718","https://openalex.org/W3153616033","https://openalex.org/W2074850211","https://openalex.org/W2988430768","https://openalex.org/W1787305615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"proportion":[1],"of":[2,14,78,123,127,166],"energy":[3,105],"storage":[4,106],"systems":[5,108,129],"(ESSs)":[6],"and":[7,39,81,88,102,147,168,175,201],"flexible":[8],"loads":[9],"signify":[10],"the":[11,48,95,100,114,117,121,150,155,179],"main":[12],"features":[13],"a":[15,33,62,69,124,134,140,192],"modern":[16],"power":[17,28,49,91],"system.":[18],"ESS":[19,43],"with":[20],"its":[21,199],"bi-directional":[22],"flow":[23],"characteristic":[24],"can":[25],"flexibly":[26],"change":[27],"network":[29],"operations,":[30],"thus":[31],"providing":[32],"new":[34],"solution":[35],"for":[36,149],"voltage":[37,64,136,152],"regulation":[38,137,153],"control.":[40],"However,":[41],"since":[42],"resources":[44],"are":[45,172],"dispersed":[46],"throughout":[47],"system,":[50],"it":[51,98],"is":[52,73,76,145,189],"necessary":[53],"to":[54,60,84,109,132,197],"design":[55],"an":[56],"effective":[57],"aggregation":[58],"scheme":[59],"achieve":[61],"concise":[63],"regulation.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"novel":[70],"sponge":[71,118,156,186],"grid":[72,119,187],"proposed,":[74],"which":[75],"capable":[77],"both":[79],"local":[80,111,151],"global":[82],"tasks":[83],"offer":[85],"greater":[86],"flexibility":[87],"initiative":[89],"in":[90,154],"system":[92,196],"operations.":[93],"On":[94,113],"one":[96],"hand,":[97,116],"constructs":[99],"source":[101],"forms":[103],"virtual":[104],"(VES)":[107],"satisfy":[110],"demands.":[112],"other":[115],"applies":[120],"superposition":[122],"large":[125],"number":[126],"VES":[128],"spontaneous":[130],"effects":[131],"present":[133],"collective":[135],"behavior.":[138],"Then,":[139],"message":[141],"passing-based":[142],"decentralized":[143],"algorithm":[144],"proposed":[146,180,185],"designed":[148],"grid.":[157],"Various":[158],"constraints":[159],"including":[160],"those":[161],"representing":[162],"inequality":[163],"boundary,":[164],"state":[165],"charge,":[167],"complex":[169],"line":[170],"flows,":[171],"expressed":[173],"analytically":[174],"computed":[176],"fast":[177],"by":[178],"portable":[181],"projection":[182],"approach.":[183],"The":[184],"model":[188],"tested":[190],"on":[191],"modified":[193],"IEEE":[194],"33-bus":[195],"verify":[198],"effectiveness":[200],"superior":[202],"performance.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
