{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312699868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3222490","title":"Hierarchical Control for Voltage Unbalance Mitigation Considering Load Management in Stand-Alone Microgrid","display_name":"Hierarchical Control for Voltage Unbalance Mitigation Considering Load Management in Stand-Alone Microgrid","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312699868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3222490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3222490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3222490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043782669","display_name":"Souvik Bera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-9088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27674431","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/0036p5w23","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27674431"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Souvik Bera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27674431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101626750","display_name":"Sourav Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-7790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourav Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046802356","display_name":"Susmita Kar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-2107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susmita Kar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-2107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057919668","display_name":"Subhransu Ranjan Samantaray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-6214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99729588","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar","ror":"https://ror.org/04gx72j20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhransu Ranjan Samantaray","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-6214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043782669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27674431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5796,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82645722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"2521","last_page":"2533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9462923407554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.8821899890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6603249311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.524158239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.5118443369865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4735095798969269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.46720999479293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4441079795360565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4392063021659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.42954784631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management-system","display_name":"Energy management system","score":0.42785772681236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4031417965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36860525608062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.36470288038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.34478163719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3415151834487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.2402704656124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.17434808611869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.11835882067680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10711947083473206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9462923407554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.8821899890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6603249311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.524158239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5118443369865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4735095798969269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.46720999479293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4441079795360565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4392063021659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.42954784631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.42785772681236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4031417965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36860525608062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36470288038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.34478163719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3415151834487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2402704656124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.17434808611869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.11835882067680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10711947083473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3222490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3222490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989417042","https://openalex.org/W2151903076","https://openalex.org/W2155638758","https://openalex.org/W2165076581","https://openalex.org/W2526705526","https://openalex.org/W2609644467","https://openalex.org/W2609649069","https://openalex.org/W2755451687","https://openalex.org/W2794274601","https://openalex.org/W2897573646","https://openalex.org/W2905036625","https://openalex.org/W2955026824","https://openalex.org/W2973287358","https://openalex.org/W2978845691","https://openalex.org/W2984969753","https://openalex.org/W3022332152","https://openalex.org/W3135872890","https://openalex.org/W3138665944","https://openalex.org/W3142501871","https://openalex.org/W3163190840","https://openalex.org/W3185497609","https://openalex.org/W3189711265","https://openalex.org/W4225473259","https://openalex.org/W4226186164","https://openalex.org/W4280500258","https://openalex.org/W4297790183","https://openalex.org/W6810368797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3132792237","https://openalex.org/W2349700491","https://openalex.org/W2168694011","https://openalex.org/W3132497606","https://openalex.org/W4210526872","https://openalex.org/W2902030441","https://openalex.org/W2895708895","https://openalex.org/W2333017163","https://openalex.org/W2347673489","https://openalex.org/W2371966636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unevenly":[0],"distributed":[1],"loads":[2],"at":[3],"different":[4],"phases":[5],"may":[6],"lead":[7],"to":[8,113,119,148,156,191],"stability":[9,109],"issues":[10],"and":[11,38,43,64,90,115,151,177],"incur":[12],"high":[13],"losses":[14],"in":[15,23,173,184,189],"a":[16,21,28,50,56,65,126,168,174],"low":[17],"inertial":[18],"microgrid":[19,36],"with":[20,96,136],"rise":[22],"Voltage":[24],"Unbalance":[25],"(VU).":[26],"Thus,":[27],"suitable":[29],"control":[30,52,144,163],"mechanism":[31,53],"is":[32,110,134,146,165,187],"mandatory":[33],"for":[34],"stable":[35],"operation":[37],"mitigating":[39,76],"VU":[40,121],"under":[41],"peak":[42],"off-peak":[44,123],"loading":[45],"conditions.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"presents":[49],"hierarchical":[51,132],"that":[54],"includes":[55],"primary":[57,107],"Droop-based":[58],"Positive-Negative":[59],"Sequence":[60],"Compensation":[61],"(PNSC)":[62],"approach":[63],"secondary":[66],"controlling":[67],"technique":[68,145],"implemented":[69],"using":[70,167],"Demand":[71],"Side":[72],"Management":[73],"(DSM).":[74],"Besides":[75],"VU,":[77],"DSM":[78],"also":[79,111],"performs":[80],"effective":[81],"energy":[82],"management":[83],"by":[84],"manipulating":[85],"Thermostatically":[86],"Controlled":[87],"Loads":[88],"(TCLs)":[89],"Electric":[91],"Vehicle":[92],"Charging":[93],"stations":[94],"(EVCs),":[95],"specific":[97],"emphasis":[98],"on":[99],"the":[100,130,143,161,182,193,198],"Thermal":[101],"Comfort":[102],"(TC)":[103],"of":[104,129,160,197],"customers.":[105],"The":[106,158],"controller\u2019s":[108],"examined":[112],"test":[114],"validate":[116,192],"its":[117],"potential":[118],"mitigate":[120,149],"during":[122],"loading.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"comprehensive":[127],"analysis":[128],"proposed":[131,162],"controller":[133],"performed":[135],"several":[137],"dynamics":[138],"taken":[139],"into":[140],"account.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"designed":[147],"generation":[150],"demand":[152],"mismatch":[153],"while":[154],"adhering":[155],"IEC-61000-3-13.":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"framework":[164],"tested":[166],"modified":[169],"IEEE-13":[170],"bus":[171],"system":[172],"MATLAB/":[175],"Simulink":[176],"Digsilent":[178],"PowerFactory":[179],"environment.":[180],"Further":[181],"Hardware":[183],"Loop":[185],"(HIL)":[186],"done":[188],"OPAL-RT":[190],"real":[194],"time":[195],"performance":[196],"system.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
