{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312650043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3218934","title":"Detection of Microgrid Cyberattacks Using Network and System Management","display_name":"Detection of Microgrid Cyberattacks Using Network and System Management","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312650043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3218934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3218934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3218934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050148606","display_name":"Mark Karanfil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-9800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Karanfil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-9800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042278958","display_name":"Dhiaa Elhak Rebbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3003-1371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhiaa Elhak Rebbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028605138","display_name":"Mourad Debbabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Debbabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075761726","display_name":"Marthe Kassouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-2350"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marthe Kassouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Resiliency Unit, Hydro-Qu&#x00E9;bec Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-2350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Resiliency Unit, Hydro-Qu&#x00E9;bec Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052464384","display_name":"Mohsen Ghafouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ghafouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-5734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052778960","display_name":"El-Nasser S. Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-0267"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El-Nasser S. Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Resiliency Unit, Hydro-Qu&#x00E9;bec Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-0267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Resiliency Unit, Hydro-Qu&#x00E9;bec Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022528241","display_name":"Aiman Hanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-0154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiman Hanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-0154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Centre, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050148606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95421678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"2390","last_page":"2405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9789590239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7808492183685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6561881303787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6059427261352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5562411546707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.495444655418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4432429075241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.42816054821014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36445608735084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.346220463514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.34356433153152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31260666251182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.23809993267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2372589111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22754576802253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1364993155002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12322241067886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10930544137954712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9789590239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7808492183685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6561881303787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6059427261352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5562411546707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.495444655418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4432429075241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.42816054821014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36445608735084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.346220463514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.34356433153152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31260666251182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.23809993267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2372589111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22754576802253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1364993155002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12322241067886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10930544137954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3218934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3218934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51105495","https://openalex.org/W1552038849","https://openalex.org/W1980187301","https://openalex.org/W1994440383","https://openalex.org/W2001965107","https://openalex.org/W2061842621","https://openalex.org/W2084632477","https://openalex.org/W2116261113","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2550453031","https://openalex.org/W2552129899","https://openalex.org/W2561518312","https://openalex.org/W2587585191","https://openalex.org/W2800062783","https://openalex.org/W2806694114","https://openalex.org/W2883919122","https://openalex.org/W2889165715","https://openalex.org/W2904843881","https://openalex.org/W2907207419","https://openalex.org/W2907763162","https://openalex.org/W2907914443","https://openalex.org/W2918639172","https://openalex.org/W2961152305","https://openalex.org/W2965287654","https://openalex.org/W3000443349","https://openalex.org/W3008209629","https://openalex.org/W3094767409","https://openalex.org/W3121103041","https://openalex.org/W6774027173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2333017163","https://openalex.org/W2347673489","https://openalex.org/W2964937504","https://openalex.org/W2169268775","https://openalex.org/W3013373080","https://openalex.org/W2371966636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microgrids,":[0],"as":[1,196,215],"a":[2,67,89,97],"major":[3],"domain":[4],"of":[5,11,20,37,66,83,122,137,153,186,202],"smart":[6,41],"grids,":[7],"facilitate":[8],"the":[9,24,27,35,40,52,61,116,120,123,129,135,140,147,159,182,200],"integration":[10],"distributed":[12],"and":[13,64,77,104,133,156,173,184,192,220],"renewable":[14],"energy":[15],"sources.":[16],"They":[17],"are":[18,86,149,163],"capable":[19],"operating":[21],"autonomously":[22],"when":[23],"connection":[25],"to":[26,50,112],"main":[28],"grid":[29,42],"is":[30,94,110],"difficult":[31],"or":[32],"cost-ineffective.":[33],"As":[34],"presence":[36],"microgrids":[38],"in":[39],"becomes":[43,47],"more":[44,48,203],"common,":[45],"it":[46],"urgent":[49],"protect":[51],"microgrid":[53,68,91,141,148],"from":[54],"cyberattacks.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57,84],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"present":[60],"first":[62,197],"design":[63,201],"implementation":[65],"security":[69,125,187],"monitoring":[70,126,188,205],"platform":[71,85],"based":[72,189],"on":[73,88,96,139,190],"IEC":[74],"62351\u20137:2017":[75],"Network":[76],"System":[78],"Management":[79],"(NSM).":[80],"The":[81,151,178],"capabilities":[82],"demonstrated":[87],"detailed":[90],"model":[92],"that":[93,207],"deployed":[95],"real-time":[98],"co-simulation":[99],"testbed.":[100],"A":[101],"hybrid":[102],"rule-based":[103],"machine":[105],"learning":[106],"anomaly":[107,160],"detection":[108,131,161],"approach":[109],"developed":[111],"detect":[113],"attacks":[114,145],"targeting":[115],"microgrid.":[117],"To":[118],"investigate":[119],"effectiveness":[121,152],"NSM":[124,209],"platform,":[127],"evaluate":[128],"proposed":[130],"schemes,":[132],"observe":[134],"impact":[136],"cyberattacks":[138],"operation,":[142],"several":[143],"formulated":[144],"against":[146,165],"simulated.":[150],"different":[154],"parameters":[155],"architectures":[157],"for":[158],"schemes":[162],"compared":[164],"one":[166],"another,":[167],"including":[168],"Long":[169],"Short-Term":[170],"Memory":[171],"(LSTM)":[172],"Gated":[174],"Recurrent":[175],"Unit":[176],"(GRU).":[177],"obtained":[179],"results":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"strengths":[183],"gaps":[185],"NSM,":[191],"can":[193],"be":[194],"seen":[195],"step":[198],"towards":[199],"comprehensive":[204],"platforms":[206],"integrate":[208],"along":[210],"with":[211],"complementary":[212],"mechanisms":[213],"such":[214],"passive":[216],"network":[217],"traffic":[218],"inspection":[219],"device":[221],"log":[222],"analysis.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
