{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312637942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3214192","title":"Integration of Centralized and Distributed Methods to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance Using Solar Inverters","display_name":"Integration of Centralized and Distributed Methods to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance Using Solar Inverters","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312637942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3214192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3214192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3214192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013253430","display_name":"Kshitij Girigoudar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-3338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kshitij Girigoudar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-3338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041820028","display_name":"Mengqi Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengqi Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015257057","display_name":"Johanna L. Mathieu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-5350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna L. Mathieu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-5350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005034793","display_name":"Line Roald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Line A. Roald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-7272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79907142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"2034","last_page":"2046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.7832776308059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5755850076675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.5469664335250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4707240164279938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4567902684211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4359528720378876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.4313107132911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4204401671886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38827526569366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.19234979152679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13948315382003784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7832776308059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5755850076675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.5469664335250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4707240164279938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4567902684211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4359528720378876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.4313107132911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4204401671886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38827526569366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.19234979152679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13948315382003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3214192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3214192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6209582020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"34235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335818","funder_display_name":"Solar Energy Technologies Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G936299194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1845093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335818","display_name":"Solar Energy Technologies Program","ror":"https://ror.org/02xznz413"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19757690","https://openalex.org/W1558136666","https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1963185969","https://openalex.org/W1982865338","https://openalex.org/W1984335232","https://openalex.org/W1998572623","https://openalex.org/W2002694899","https://openalex.org/W2011014715","https://openalex.org/W2015811227","https://openalex.org/W2032284702","https://openalex.org/W2102467042","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W2145796971","https://openalex.org/W2161317330","https://openalex.org/W2163915223","https://openalex.org/W2165164291","https://openalex.org/W2276364201","https://openalex.org/W2345892448","https://openalex.org/W2461951329","https://openalex.org/W2479566716","https://openalex.org/W2620296980","https://openalex.org/W2762654164","https://openalex.org/W2889222609","https://openalex.org/W2899889651","https://openalex.org/W2964281127","https://openalex.org/W2974330724","https://openalex.org/W3049217260","https://openalex.org/W3106351034","https://openalex.org/W3107939841","https://openalex.org/W3185133591","https://openalex.org/W4205816724","https://openalex.org/W4210728769","https://openalex.org/W4241888083","https://openalex.org/W4296139939","https://openalex.org/W4299835031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386968573","https://openalex.org/W2395064349","https://openalex.org/W2034374297","https://openalex.org/W2382628689","https://openalex.org/W2766130412","https://openalex.org/W2526730640","https://openalex.org/W2351171996","https://openalex.org/W2983370139","https://openalex.org/W2057543190","https://openalex.org/W2893865120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Growing":[0],"penetrations":[1],"of":[2,26,107,116,170],"single-phase":[3],"distributed":[4,62],"generation":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7],"rooftop":[8],"solar":[9,46],"photovoltaic":[10],"(PV)":[11],"systems":[12,22],"can":[13,185],"increase":[14],"voltage":[15,43,94,173],"unbalance":[16,44,90,174],"in":[17,168],"distribution":[18,152],"grids.":[19],"However,":[20],"PV":[21,47,158],"are":[23],"also":[24],"capable":[25],"providing":[27],"reactive":[28],"power":[29,57],"compensation":[30],"to":[31,41,88,103],"reduce":[32],"unbalance.":[33],"In":[34,101],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37,120],"compare":[38,145],"two":[39],"methods":[40,147,167],"mitigate":[42],"with":[45,154],"inverters:":[48],"a":[49,54,61,149,187],"centralized":[50],"optimization-based":[51,99,118,136],"method":[52,71,110,124,137,184],"utilizing":[53],"three-phase":[55,151],"optimal":[56],"flow":[58],"formulation":[59],"and":[60,75,92,144,157,176,192],"approach":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65,148],"Steinmetz":[66],"design.":[67],"While":[68],"the":[69,98,105,108,113,117,131,135,139,166,182],"Steinmetz-based":[70,109,140],"is":[72],"computationally":[73],"simple":[74],"does":[76],"not":[77],"require":[78],"extensive":[79],"communication":[80],"or":[81],"full":[82,114],"network":[83],"data,":[84],"it":[85],"generally":[86],"leads":[87],"less":[89],"improvement":[91],"more":[93],"constraint":[95,177],"violations":[96],"than":[97],"method.":[100,141],"order":[102],"improve":[104],"performance":[106,191],"without":[111],"adding":[112],"complexity":[115],"method,":[119],"propose":[121],"an":[122],"integrated":[123,183],"that":[125,181],"incorporates":[126],"design":[127],"parameters":[128],"computed":[129],"from":[130],"set-points":[132],"generated":[133],"by":[134],"into":[138],"We":[142,179],"test":[143],"all":[146],"large":[150],"feeder":[153],"time-varying":[155],"load":[156],"data.":[159],"The":[160],"simulation":[161],"results":[162],"indicate":[163],"trade-offs":[164],"between":[165,190],"terms":[169],"computation":[171],"time,":[172],"reduction,":[175],"violations.":[178],"find":[180],"provide":[186],"good":[188],"balance":[189],"information/communication":[193],"requirements.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}