{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296209718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3207196","title":"A Physics-Aware MIQP Approach to Harmonic State Estimation in Low-Observable Power Distribution Systems Using Harmonic Phasor Measurement Units","display_name":"A Physics-Aware MIQP Approach to Harmonic State Estimation in Low-Observable Power Distribution Systems Using Harmonic Phasor Measurement Units","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296209718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3207196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3207196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3207196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042865149","display_name":"Fatemeh Ahmadi-Gorjayi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-0202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Ahmadi-Gorjayi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010390337","display_name":"Hamed Mohsenian\u2010Rad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Mohsenian-Rad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-5632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6619,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83555827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"2111","last_page":"2124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.9340927600860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.8450279235839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6121484637260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.5884933471679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.578157901763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.5179068446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.49889159202575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4208018183708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4133446514606476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3990189731121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.35413286089897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3440544307231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3057418465614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2603246569633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14023739099502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.0895574688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0842539370059967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.9340927600860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.8450279235839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6121484637260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.5884933471679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.578157901763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.5179068446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.49889159202575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4208018183708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4133446514606476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3990189731121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35413286089897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3440544307231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3057418465614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2603246569633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14023739099502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0895574688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0842539370059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3207196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3207196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7659117570","display_name":"Understanding the Complex Impact of Convergence Bids on Wholesale Electricity Markets: Current and Future Implications","funder_award_id":"1711944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553266117","https://openalex.org/W1981594516","https://openalex.org/W2004581312","https://openalex.org/W2090883575","https://openalex.org/W2125529211","https://openalex.org/W2126295444","https://openalex.org/W2152785776","https://openalex.org/W2156404349","https://openalex.org/W2465856325","https://openalex.org/W2477223685","https://openalex.org/W2550620756","https://openalex.org/W2592468932","https://openalex.org/W2730269131","https://openalex.org/W2736730693","https://openalex.org/W2766274075","https://openalex.org/W2783773805","https://openalex.org/W2799700248","https://openalex.org/W2800233816","https://openalex.org/W2808501351","https://openalex.org/W2884113185","https://openalex.org/W2945616294","https://openalex.org/W2972156166","https://openalex.org/W2981344804","https://openalex.org/W2987113785","https://openalex.org/W3005131258","https://openalex.org/W3005262078","https://openalex.org/W3020265068","https://openalex.org/W3021762359","https://openalex.org/W3026928397","https://openalex.org/W3036851715","https://openalex.org/W3157153948","https://openalex.org/W3179522251","https://openalex.org/W3198340061","https://openalex.org/W4214854252","https://openalex.org/W4224228060","https://openalex.org/W4230518178","https://openalex.org/W4241079583","https://openalex.org/W4285103610","https://openalex.org/W6633313424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997080377","https://openalex.org/W1589114377","https://openalex.org/W2947261585","https://openalex.org/W2028471916","https://openalex.org/W2547260311","https://openalex.org/W2536794900","https://openalex.org/W2154842468","https://openalex.org/W2564500233","https://openalex.org/W2513885507","https://openalex.org/W2096980798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,157],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,28,38,47,96,137],"novel":[4,48,138],"physics-aware":[5],"harmonic":[6,25,108,124,182],"state":[7,183,193],"estimation":[8,184],"(HSE)":[9],"method":[10,45,82,115,152,200],"is":[11,154,162,166,201],"developed":[12],"for":[13,181],"power":[14,39,73],"distribution":[15,40,74,191],"systems":[16],"with":[17,211],"low-observability.":[18],"The":[19,42,112,151,195],"only":[20,92],"available":[21],"measurements":[22],"are":[23,55,110],"the":[24,79,85,93,101,104,107,121,134,178,198,212],"synchrophasors":[26],"from":[27],"small":[29],"number":[30,102],"of":[31,52,59,106,123,136,197],"Harmonic":[32],"Phasor":[33],"Measurement":[34],"Units":[35],"(H-PMUs)":[36],"on":[37],"feeder.":[41],"proposed":[43,80,113,155,199],"HSE":[44,81,114],"provides":[46],"and":[49,69,103,126,164,203,209],"practical":[50],"application":[51],"H-PMUs,":[53],"which":[54,144],"an":[56,67],"emerging":[57],"class":[58],"smart":[60],"grid":[61],"sensors,":[62],"in":[63,72,89,120,133,156,177,186,205],"order":[64],"to":[65,159,168],"address":[66,84,160],"important":[68],"challenging":[70,87],"problem":[71],"system":[75,192],"monitoring.":[76],"More":[77],"importantly,":[78],"can":[83,145],"highly":[86],"scenario,":[88],"which,":[90],"not":[91,172,189],"network":[94],"has":[95],"low-observability":[97,161],"condition,":[98],"but":[99],"also":[100],"location(s)":[105],"sources":[109],"unknown.":[111],"captures":[116],"physics-based":[117],"sparsity":[118,131],"pattern":[119,132],"analysis":[122],"phasors,":[125],"then":[127],"it":[128,165],"incorporates":[129],"such":[130],"formulation":[135],"mixed-integer":[139],"quadratic":[140],"programming":[141],"(MIQP)":[142],"optimization":[143],"be":[146],"solved":[147],"by":[148],"standard":[149],"solvers.":[150],"that":[153],"paper":[158],"innovative":[163],"specific":[167],"HSE.":[169],"It":[170],"does":[171],"have":[173],"any":[174],"similar":[175],"counterpart":[176],"literature,":[179],"whether":[180],"or":[185],"ordinary":[187],"(i.e.,":[188],"harmonic)":[190],"estimation.":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"tested":[202],"confirmed":[204],"multiple":[206],"case":[207],"studies":[208],"compared":[210],"existing":[213],"methods.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
