{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294811472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3204796","title":"Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grid: A Secure Federated Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grid: A Secure Federated Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294811472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3204796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3204796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3204796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421591","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-4567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084520241","display_name":"Xinhao Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010845083","display_name":"Yuanzheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-1233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112415925","display_name":"Zhaoyang Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062440795","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","ECE Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100421591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.1891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":319,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99973139,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"4862","last_page":"4872"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paillier-cryptosystem","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","score":0.9194170832633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781915009021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.752899169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.6979694962501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.6578578948974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5536127686500549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.540496826171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5146892666816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4227150082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.42085015773773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4202273190021515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.41946542263031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3749764561653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.24950119853019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.20960062742233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14406698942184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.11489740014076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-cryptosystem","display_name":"Hybrid cryptosystem","score":0.08366185426712036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66989864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594646","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","level":5,"score":0.9194170832633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781915009021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.752899169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.6979694962501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.6578578948974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5536127686500549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.540496826171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5146892666816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4227150082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.42085015773773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4202273190021515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.41946542263031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3749764561653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.24950119853019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.20960062742233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14406698942184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.11489740014076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73468433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639918","display_name":"Hybrid cryptosystem","level":4,"score":0.08366185426712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3204796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2022.3204796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/163148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/163148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5464947936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MPSS2022-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329141","funder_display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6010900714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62233006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6771713828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2066208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7531047526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YDZJ202101ZYTS149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329141","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598852905","https://openalex.org/W2022229650","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2039984414","https://openalex.org/W2059551740","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2119866123","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2324861975","https://openalex.org/W2343174841","https://openalex.org/W2525022545","https://openalex.org/W2591308902","https://openalex.org/W2615509641","https://openalex.org/W2744748663","https://openalex.org/W2752217602","https://openalex.org/W2791047555","https://openalex.org/W2797025128","https://openalex.org/W2828496772","https://openalex.org/W2890369708","https://openalex.org/W2915575242","https://openalex.org/W2921677088","https://openalex.org/W2959889059","https://openalex.org/W2984195658","https://openalex.org/W3013246316","https://openalex.org/W3032955192","https://openalex.org/W3040116469","https://openalex.org/W3044239919","https://openalex.org/W3044515030","https://openalex.org/W3086579950","https://openalex.org/W3099930155","https://openalex.org/W3105324058","https://openalex.org/W3185003435","https://openalex.org/W3190651871","https://openalex.org/W3194280320","https://openalex.org/W4200533996","https://openalex.org/W4205292723","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401608539","https://openalex.org/W4238582915","https://openalex.org/W1575311728","https://openalex.org/W2369575317","https://openalex.org/W2937861079","https://openalex.org/W3032578772","https://openalex.org/W1528334372","https://openalex.org/W1515856307","https://openalex.org/W197565096","https://openalex.org/W2384195984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1],"important":[2],"cyber-physical":[3],"system":[4],"(CPS),":[5],"smart":[6,59],"grid":[7],"is":[8,75,154],"highly":[9],"vulnerable":[10],"to":[11,25,49,125],"cyber":[12],"attacks.":[13],"Amongst":[14],"various":[15],"types":[16],"of":[17,28,56,146,178],"attacks,":[18],"false":[19],"data":[20,121,133,138],"injection":[21],"attack":[22],"(FDIA)":[23],"proves":[24],"be":[26],"one":[27],"the":[29,54,100,120,137,144,167,174,179],"top-priority":[30],"cyber-related":[31],"issues":[32,52],"and":[33,85,170,176],"has":[34,46],"received":[35],"increasing":[36],"attention":[37,45],"in":[38,53,58,77,94],"recent":[39],"years.":[40],"However,":[41],"so":[42],"far":[43],"little":[44],"been":[47],"paid":[48],"privacy":[50,134],"preservation":[51],"detection":[55,67,129],"FDIAs":[57],"grids.":[60],"Inspired":[61],"by":[62,80,106,135,156],"federated":[63,72,83,114,147,151,161],"learning,":[64,148],"a":[65,91,128,149],"FDIA":[66],"method":[68,181],"based":[69],"on":[70,166],"secure":[71,150],"deep":[73,98],"learning":[74,84,115,152],"proposed":[76,180],"this":[78],"paper":[79],"combining":[81],"Transformer,":[82,89],"Paillier":[86,158],"cryptosystem.":[87],"The":[88],"as":[90],"detector":[92],"deployed":[93],"edge":[95],"nodes,":[96],"delves":[97],"into":[99],"connection":[101],"between":[102],"individual":[103],"electrical":[104],"quantities":[105],"using":[107,113],"its":[108],"multi-head":[109],"self-attention":[110],"mechanism.":[111],"By":[112],"framework,":[116],"our":[117],"approach":[118],"utilizes":[119],"from":[122],"all":[123],"nodes":[124],"collaboratively":[126],"train":[127],"model":[130],"while":[131],"preserving":[132],"keeping":[136],"locally":[139],"during":[140],"training.":[141],"To":[142],"improve":[143],"security":[145],"scheme":[153],"designed":[155],"combing":[157],"cryptosystem":[159],"with":[160],"learning.":[162],"Through":[163],"extensive":[164],"experiments":[165],"IEEE":[168],"14-bus":[169],"118-bus":[171],"test":[172],"systems,":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"superiority":[177],"are":[182],"verified.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
